英和和英

別の表記

• thegn, thayn
• thein, theine (obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 theyn, thein, þein, from 古期英語 þæġn, þeġen, þeġn, from Proto-West Germanic *þegn (“man, warrior”), from Proto-Germanic *þegnaz (“man, warrior”), from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- (“to give birth”); akin to Dutch degen, German Degen, Old Norse þegn and Ancient Greek τέκνον (téknon, “child”).

発音

• IPA: /θeɪn/
• 韻: -eɪn

名詞

thane (plural thanes)

1. (historical) A rank of nobility in pre-Norman England, roughly equivalent to baron.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

     Sonnes, Kinsmen, Thanes, / And you whose places are the nearest, know, / We will establish our Estate vpon / Our eldest, Malcolme, whom we name hereafter, / The Prince of Cumberland: […]

   • 1845, Johann Martin Lappenberg, translated by Benjamin Thorpe, A History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings, published 2004, page 317:

     The Anglo-Saxon thanes were in all respects the predecessors of the Norman barons.
     The title of thane seems to have supplanted that of gesith, which appears only in the earner Anglo-Saxon laws, a denomination that may originally have designated the attendants or companions of the king, and whose wergild being triple that of the simple freeman, were, therefore, denominated not only gesithcund men, but six-hynde men.

   • 1910, Robert A. Thompson, The People's History of England, New York: Walter Scott Publishing:

     The little island of Iona became the refuge of the sons and some thanes of Athelfrith, banished by Edwin.

   • 1999, Seamus Heaney, Beowulf, London: Faber and Faber, page 54:

     Never need you fear
     for a single thane of your sept or nation,
     young warriors or old.

   • 2000, Wulfstan, Robert Boenig (editor and translator), Sermo Lupi ad Anglos, Anglo-Saxon Spirituality: Selected Writings, page 144,

     Although some serfs escape from their lord and turn away from Christendom to the Vikings and after this it happens that the clash of swords becomes common to thane and serf, if the serf utterly kills the thane, he lies unpaid by all of the serf's kin.

派生語

• thanage
• thanehood
• thaneworthy

参考

• baron
• gesith < ġesīþ

参照

アナグラム

• Anthe, Tehan, Nathe, 'neath, neath, Ethna, Aneth, Thean, Ethan, Neath, ahent