Monstrumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmõː.strũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmɔn.strum]

名詞

mōnstrum n (genitive mōnstrī); second declension

1. (fantasy, mythology) a divine omen indicating misfortune, an evil omen, portent
2. (metonymic) a monster, monstrosity, whether in size or character
   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 249–251:

     PAMPHILUS: Nisi sī id est quod suspicor: / aliquid mōnstrī alunt; ea quoniam nēminī obtrūdī potest, / ītur ad mē!

     PAMPHILUS: Unless it’s what I suspect: they’re raising some kind of monster — and since she can’t be foisted off on anyone, they’re coming to me!
     (In other words, Pamphilus assumes — to comical extreme — the very worst of the woman he’s been arranged to marry.)

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneid 2.244–245:

     “Īnstāmus tamen inmemorēs caecīque furōre,
     et mōnstrum īnfēlīx sacrātā sistimus arce.”

     “We press on nevertheless, heedless, and blinded by passion, and we set the accursed monster on our sacred citadel.”
     (Despite repeated difficulties and multiple warning signs the Trojans move the wooden horse into the city.)

3. (figuratively) a thing that evokes fear and wonder

   Synonyms: ostentum, prōdigium, portentum, mīrāculum, mīrum

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

• mōnstrō
• mōnstrōsus/ mōnstruōsus
• mostellum

派生した語

参照

• “monstrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “monstrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "monstrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “monstrum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 387
• Ranjan Sen (2012), “Reconstructing phonological change: duration and syllable structure in Latin vowel reduction”, in Phonology‎, volume 29, number 3, →DOI, →ISSN, page 36
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) extravagant fictions of fancy: opinionum commenta, ineptiae, monstra, portenta
    
  • (ambiguous) marvellous ideas; prodigies: monstra or portenta
    
  • (ambiguous) it is incredible: monstra dicis, narras