glutenとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡluːtən/, /ˈɡluːtn̩/
• 韻: -uːtən

名詞

gluten (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 glutens)

1. (obsolete) Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the "animal humours"). [16th-19th c.]
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970:

     , Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147:

     The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]

2. (rare) Any gluey, sticky substance. [from 17th c.]
   • 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, XXXVII:

     [T]he Fly suspends it self very firmly and easily, without the access or need of any such Sponges fill'd with an imaginary gluten, as many have, for want of good Glasses, perhaps, or a troublesome and diligent examination, suppos'd.

   • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:

     The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.

3. (cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]
   • 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

     Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.

   • 2010, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian, 10 Jun 2010:

     Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results […]

4. (geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc. [from 19th c.]
   • 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 669:

     Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.

派生語

Further reading

• gluten on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Lutgen, englut

Latin

語源

From Proto-Italic *gloiten, from Proto-Indo-European *glóh₁ytn̥, from *gleh₁y- (“to stick; to spread, to smear”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡluː.ten/, [ˈɡɫ̪uːt̪ɛn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡlu.ten/, [ˈɡluːt̪en]

名詞

glūten n (genitive glūtinis); third declension

1. glue

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

• glūtinō

派生した語

• → Catalan: gluten
• → French: gluten
  • → English: gluten
• Old French: glu
  • → English: glue
    • → Irish: gliú
  • French: glu
  • Norman: cliute (Jersey)
• → Old Irish: gláed
  • Irish: glae
  • Scottish Gaelic: glaodh
• Portuguese: glúten, grude
• → Proto-Brythonic: *glʉd
  • Middle Welsh: glut
    • Welsh: glud
• → Spanish: gluten
• → Swedish: gluten

参照

• “gluten”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• “gluten”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gluten in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• gluten in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• “glue” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.