lyvenとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 古期英語 libban, lifian, leofian, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną.

発音

• IPA: /ˈlivən/ (from lifian)
• IPA: /ˈlɛ̞ːvən/ (from leofian; especially East Anglia, Southern, West Midland)
• IPA: /ˈlibən/ (from libban; mainly Kent, Southern, Southwest Midland)
• IPA: /ˈleːvən/ (with open-syllable lengthening; mainly Northern)

動詞

lyven (third-person singular simple present lyveth, present participle lyvende, lyvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lyved)

1. (intransitive) To live (be alive or extant)
2. (intransitive) To live (survive, continue living)
   • c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r:

     I Haue grete wonder, be this lyghte / How that I lyve, for day ne nyghte / I may nat slepe, wel nygh noght

     I greatly wonder by this light / How it is that I’m alive, for whether it’s day or night / I can hardly sleep at all.

   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Joon 11:28, folio 50, recto; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     he ſchal lyue / ⁊ ech þat lyueþ / ⁊ bileueþ in me .· ſchal not die wiþouten ende / bıleueſt þou þis þĩg /

     "He'll live, and anyone who lives and believes in me won't ever die. Do you believe this?"

3. (intransitive, of inanimate objects and abstractions) To persist; to continue to exist.
4. (intransitive) To reside or dwell; to live (somewhere).
5. (intransitive) To live (in a certain way or condition)
6. (intransitive, with various prepositions) To subsist or live on.
7. (transitive) To live as (something), to exist as, to live the life of.

Conjugation

派生した語

• English: live
• Scots: leeve
• Yola: live

参照

• “liven, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• McIntosh, Angus; Samuels, M[ichael] L.; Benskin, Michael (2013) [1986], Michael Benskin, Margaret Laing, editors, eLALME: A Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English‎, Edinburgh: Angus McIntosh Centre for Historical Linguistics; revised November 2024.