taylorismとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

Taylorism (usually uncountable, 複数形 Taylorisms)

1. The Reformed school of theology developed by Nathaniel William Taylor.
   • 1834, Tyler Thacher, Taylorism Examined: Or a Review of the New Haven Theology, page 83:

     Rev. Edward Beecher, a strenous advocate of Taylorism, has been equally explicit on this point.

   • 1911, Hugh Chisholm, The Encyclopaedia Britannica, page 900:

     In the first half of the 19th century, under the lead of Nathaniel W. Taylor (q.v.) , the Divinity School of Yale became nationally prominent for "Taylorism" or New Haven Theology.

   • 1994, Julius H. Rubin, Religious Melancholy and Protestant Experience in America, page 131:

     Taylorism presented two practical difficulties for person who adopted this theology.

   Synonym: New England theology

2. Scientific management; a theory of management of the early 20th century that analyzed workflows in order to improve efficiency, originally developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor.
   • 1982, Ilmari Susiluoto, The Origins and Development of Systems Thinking in the Soviet Union, page 146:

     One of the ideological supporting pillars of systems thinking in the 1920s had been Lenin's analysis of Taylorism.

   • 1993, Ulrich Jürgens, ‎Thomas Malsch, ‎Knuth Dohse, Breaking from Taylorism, page 50:

     The separation of planning and control from work execution is constitutive for Taylorism.

   • 1997, Hans D. Pruijt, Job Design and Technology: Taylorism Vs. Anti-Taylorism, page 1:

     Taylorism proved to be more persistent than many had expected.

   • 2016, Lorraine Giordano, Beyond Taylorism, page 28:

     According to Braverman's thesis, Taylorism, or scientific management, has been the key feature in the devaluation and dequalification of work.

3. (countable, history) One of the witty, epigrammatic remarks on international relations for which the historian Alan John Percivale Taylor was well-known.
   • 1975, British Book News, page 432:

     The brisk and lively narrative is spiced with Taylorisms: ' Hitler lost , as someone has to do in war, and has therefore been written off as a psychopath'.

   • 1983, Peter Quennell, History Today - Volume 33, page 30:

     It is full of what friends of mine at Oxford used to call 'Taylorisms', and as research students there we used to collect them — from his 'except the Italians ' in The Struggle for Mastery to his famous claim at the end of The Origins of the Second World War that Hitler 'became involved in war through launching on 29 August a diplomatic manoeuvre which he ought to have launched on 28 August'.

   • 1989, Raymond A. Jones, Arthur Ponsonby: The Politics of Life, page Arthur Ponsonby: The Politics of Life:

     What makes Ponsonby significant is that he was one of A.J.P. Taylor's ' troublemakers' whom Taylor credits with all change and advance in history. While some would say that this is a typically large and perverse Taylorism, it is not without an element of truth when applied to the role played by Ponsonby and his fellow troublemakers in the search for a new international order.

   • 2016, M. R. D. Foot, Resistance: European Resistance to the Nazis, 1940-1945:

     A.J.P. Taylor, The Second World War (Hamish Hamilton 1975), like Jacobsen's book, consists of pictorial history; liberally sprinkled with taylorisms, and not inclined to overstress resistance.

関連する語

• Taylorian
• Taylorist

Further reading

• New England theology on Wikipedia.
• Taylorism on Wikipedia.
• Taylorism (history) on Wikipedia.