英和和英

語源

Inherited from 中期英語 temperament, borrowed from Middle French tempérament, from Latin temperāmentum.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pə.mənt/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/, /ˈtɛm.pɚ.mənt/

名詞

temperament (countable and uncountable, plural temperaments)

1. A person's usual manner of thinking, behaving or reacting.
   • 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith‎, Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:

     President Taft did not have the temperament either to dominate or to work with his Congress.

2. A tendency to become irritable or angry.
3. (music) The altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key.
4. (psychology) Individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.
5. (obsolete) A moderate and proportionable mixture of elements or ingredients in a compound; the condition in which elements are mixed in their proper proportions.
   • 1624, John Donne, Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions, Meditation XVIII., in The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne, ed. Charles M. Coffin, New York: Modern Library (1952), pp. 442-444:

     If I will aske meere Philosophers, what the soule is, I shall finde amongst them, that will tell me, it is nothing, but the temperament and harmony, and just and equall composition of the Elements in the body, which produces all those faculties which we ascribe to the soule […]

6. (obsolete) Any state or condition as determined by the proportion of its ingredients or the manner in which they are mixed; consistence, composition; mixture.

派生語

参照

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “temperament”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.