英和和英

語源

From Middle English liege, lege, lige, from Anglo-Norman lige, from Old French liege (“liege, free”), from Middle High German ledic, ledec (“free, empty, vacant”) (Modern German ledig (“unmarried”)) from Proto-Germanic *liþugaz (“flexible, free, unoccupied”).

Akin to Old Frisian leþeg, leþoch (“free”), 古期英語 liþiġ (“flexible”), Old Norse liðugr (“free, unhindered”), Old Saxon lethig (“idle”), Low German leddig (“empty”), Middle Dutch ledich (“idle, unemployed”) (Dutch ledig (“empty”) and leeg (“empty”)), Middle English lethi (“unoccupied, at leisure”).

An alternate etymology traces the Old French word to Late Latin laeticus (“of または relating to a semifree colonist in Gaul”), from Latin laetus (“a semi-free colonist”), from Gothic *�������� (*lēts) (attested in derivatives such as �������������� (fralēts)), from Proto-Germanic *lētaz (“freeman; bondsman, serf”), from *lētaną (“to let; free; release”).

発音

• (英国発音, General American) IPA^(key): /liːd͡ʒ/, /liːʒ/
• 韻: -iːdʒ, -iːʒ

名詞

liege (複数形 lieges)

1. A free and independent person; specifically, a lord paramount; a sovereign.
2. (in full liege lord) A king or lord.
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act 3, scene 2]:

     More health and happiness betide my liege / Than can my care-tuned tongue deliver him!

   • 1826, [Walter Scott], Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, OCLC 991895633:

     Kings, my liege, may take a lesson from him

3. The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman.

形容詞

liege (not comparable)

1. Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance.

   a liege lord

   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, または |part=Prologue, I to VII, または conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 2024748:

     She look'd as grand as doomsday and as grave: / And he, he reverenced his liege lady there;

2. Serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, such as a vassal to his lord; faithful.

   a liege man; a liege subject

3. (obsolete, law) Full; perfect; complete; pure.
   • 1908, Daniel Scott (of Penrith), Stricklands of Sizergh Castle:

     it was a release by Katherine de Ros in her liege widowhood to Sir Thomas de Stirkeland