英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 Persien, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Persia (itself from Persēs/Persa (“Persian man”) [from Ancient Greek Πέρσης (Pérsēs), itself from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /⁠Pārsa⁠/, “Persian”)] +‎ -ia (suffix forming country names)) +‎ -iānus. Equivalent to Pers(ia) +‎ -ian.

Compare Early Classical Persian پارس (pārs) or modern Iranian Persian فارس (fârs), where the shift p > f.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɜː.ʒən/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɝʒən/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)ʒən
• IPA: (dated) /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

形容詞

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of, from, or pertaining to Persia.
   • 2008 May 30, The New York Times, “Pop and Rock Listings”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 9 April 2022:

     MOHAMMAD REZA SHAJARIAN (Thursday) Renowned in his native Iran, the vocalist Mohammad Reza Shajarian has been performing since the 1960s, and is now widely considered one of the finest classical Persian singers in the world. Mr. Shajarian’s son, Homayoun Shajarian, will provide additional vocals and tombak (goblet drum), while Ensemble Ava, a four-piece, will contribute additional instrumentation on the ancient Persian instruments barbat (short-necked lute), tar (long-necked lute), kamancheh (spike fiddle) and daf (frame drum).

2. Of or pertaining to the Persian people.
3. Of or pertaining to the Persian language.

   Synonyms: Farsi, Parsi

派生語

名詞

Persian (plural Persians)

1. (historical) A native or inhabitant of the historical polity of Persia (for example, any of the various Persian empires).
   • 1892, Benjamin Chapman Burt, A History of Modern Philosophy, page 111:

     The Persians (including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes, Syrians, Phœnicians, Jews, and Egyptians), in contrast to the foregoing, possess a germ of historical development, […]

   • 2015, Elizabeth Carne, King and Court in Ancient Macedonia, page xv:

     […] Macedonians and Persians had a long history of contact: Macedonia had once been part of the Persian Empire – Alexander I fought on the Persian side in the Persian War – and there were personal and diplomatic contacts of many sorts […]

2. (dated, countable) An Iranian (person from Iran).
3. (countable) A member of the ethnic group indigenous to Persis and the Iranian plateau that forms the majority of the population of modern-day Iran.
   • 2016, J. Kechichian, Iran, Iraq and the Arab Gulf States, page 38:

     Recruits [to the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps] tended to be ethnic Persians or Azeris between the ages of 17 and 28 and generally hailed from poorer or religious families.

4. (countable) Short for Persian cat
5. (Canada, chiefly Northwestern Ontario) A pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada often compared to either a cinnamon bun or a donut topped with pink icing.
6. A sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed.
7. A thin silk fabric, formerly used for linings.
   • 1696, J. F. Merchant?, The merchant's ware-house laid open:

     There is of those Persians several lengths.

8. (architecture) Any of a set of male figures used instead of columns to support an entablature.

派生語

固有名詞

Persian

1. The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

   Synonyms: Farsi, Parsi, Dari (in Afghanistan), Tajik (in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), Classical Persian (historical)

   • 2019 December 22, Annalee Newitz and Cyrus Farivar, “Nick Farmer knows dozens of languages, so he invented one for The Expanse”, in Ars Technica‎:

     The resulting Belter creole is a crazy mix of English, Chinese, romance languages like French, German, Persian, Hebrew, Zulu, and a few other surprises. Farmer says he has over 1,000 Belter words in his personal dictionary, and he keeps adding more as the show’s producers and fans request them.

使用する際の注意点

• The term Farsi has gained currency in English to refer to the Persian language. Though often used for all varieties, it is frequently used to distinguish the variety spoken in Iran from other varieties. Likewise, the terms Dari and Tajik or Tajiki have become common terms to distinguish varieties spoke in Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (Tajiki), though this distinction is sometimes controversial.

派生語

参考

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Persian terms
• Appendix:Persian Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Persian

Further reading

• English–Persian and Persian–English dictionary
• ISO 639-1 code fa, ISO 639-3 code fas (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Persian, fas ⁠, a language family including:

関連する語

語源 2

From Persius +‎ -ian.

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɜː(ɹ)si.ən/, /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/
• Homophone: Persean

形容詞

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of or pertaining to Persius (Roman writer)
   • 1998, Stephen Hinds, Allusion and Intertext: Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry:

     ...as it seems from an Ovidian or Persian standpoint and also, perhaps, from the comic standpoints of Plautus or Caecilius...

アナグラム

• arpines, asperin, paniers, prasine, rapines, saprine, separin