英和和英

語源

From Proto-Italic *porskō (“to ask for; request; demand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥(ḱ)sḱéti (“to keep asking; to question”), from *preḱ- (“to ask; to ask for”) +‎ *-sḱéti (“imperfective suffix”). Latin -ēscō (inchoative suffix) derives from this ending.

Cognates include Latin prex (“prayer”), procus (“suitor”), Sanskrit पृच्छति (pṛccháti), Old Armenian հարց (harcʻ), Old Church Slavonic просити (prositi), German forschen, and 古期英語 friġnan (whence English frain).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpɔs.koː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpɔs.ko]

動詞

poscō (present infinitive poscere, perfect active poposcī or peposcī); third conjugation, no supine stem

1. to beg, to demand, to request, to desire [with accusative ‘something’, along with ab (+ ablative) ‘of someone’ or double accusative ‘someone something’, along with ut (+ subjunctive) or infinitive]

   Synonyms: flāgitō, postulō, petō

   Poscor aliquid. ― Something is asked of me.

   Poscor meum Laelapa. ― They demand of me my Laelaps.

2. to demand for punishment, to ask the surrender of
3. to call someone

   Ego poscor Olympo! ― It is I that Olympus summons!

   Ad te confugio et supplex tua numina posco. ― To you I have recourse and, as a suppliant, I call on your divine power.

   • c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Curculio 5.3.5:

     Argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo ego hodie expertus sum. Non male creditur qui numquam reddunt, sed prorsum perit. Vel ille, decem minas dum solvit, omnis mensas transiit. Postquam nil fit, clamore hominem posco: ille in ius me vocat; pessume metui, ne mihi hodie apud praetorem solveret. Verum amici compulerunt: reddit argentum domo. Nunc domum properare certumst.

     • Translation by Robert W. Cape, Jr.

       People that say bankers are ill trusted talk rubbish. Why, they are well and ill trusted both, I tell you–and what is more, I have proved it myself this very day. Money is not ill trusted to men that never repay you; it is gone for good. That Lyco, for example, in trying to raise forty pounds for me, went to every single bank. Nothing coming of it, I begin dunning him at the top of my lungs. He summons me before the magistrate I was horribly afraid he would settle with me in court. But his friends coerced him, and he paid me out of his own cash in hand. Now I must hurry home.

4. to ask in marriage, to demand one's hand

   Filiam tuam mihi uxorem posco. ― I demand your daughter's hand in marriage.

使用する際の注意点

• The passive forms are uncommon, but do sometimes appear, as in Seneca's Thyestes, 242-43: Tantalum et Pelopem aspice; / ad haec manus exempla poscuntur meae.

Conjugation

• The standard perfect is poposcī; however, peposcī was also in use during the late Republican period.

派生語

関連する語

参照

Further reading

• “posco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “posco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “posco”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to get a question submitted to one: quaestionem poscere (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
• W. Sidney Allen (1978), Vox Latina, 2nd edition, page 68: “Before the verbal suffix -sc- the vowel is long in nearly all cases [...] probable exceptions are pŏsco, dĭsco, compĕsco, Old Latin ĕscit, similarly mĭsceo, in which the sc derives from originally more complex consonant-groups.”