英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 relik et al., from Old French relique, from Latin reliquiae (“remains, relics”), from relinquō (“to leave behind, abandon, relinquish”), from re- + linquō (“to leave, quit, forsake, depart from”). Doublet of relict, derelict, and relinquish.

発音

• IPA: /ˈɹɛlɪk/

名詞

relic (plural relics)

1. That which remains; that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion.

   Synonyms: remnant, remainder, residue; see also Thesaurus:remainder

   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

     […] let him not ask our pardon;
     The nature of his great offence is dead,
     And deeper than oblivion we do bury
     The incensing relics of it […]

   • c. 1670s (date written), Thomas Brown [i.e., Thomas Browne], “(please specify the section)”, in John Jeffery, editor, Christian Morals, […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] [A]t the University-Press, for Cornelius Crownfield printer to the University; and are to be sold by Mr. Knapton […]; and Mr. [John] Morphew […], published 1716, →OCLC, part I, page 5:

     Though a Cup of cold water from ſome hand may not be without it's reward, yet ſtick not thou for Wine and Oyl for the Wounds of the Distreſſed, and treat the poor, as our Saviour did the Multitude, to the reliques of ſome baskets.

   • 1797, Ann Radcliffe, The Italian, London: T. Cadell Jun. & W. Davies, Volume 2, Chapter 6, p. 184,

     It appeared, from […] the ruins scattered distantly along its skirts, to be a part of the city entirely abandoned by the modern inhabitants to the reliques of its former grandeur.

   • 1850, Wilkie Collins, chapter 1, in Antonina, or, The Fall of Rome‎, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, pages 10–11:

     She exerted the last relics of her wasted strength to gain a prominent position upon a ledge of the rocks behind her […]

   • 1903 April 18, W[illiam] E[dward] Burghardt Du Bois, “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others”, in The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., →OCLC, page 53:

     [T]hey know that the low social level of the mass of the race is responsible for much discrimination against it, but they also know, and the nation knows, that relentless color-prejudice is more often a cause than a result of the Negro’s degradation; they seek the abatement of this relic of barbarism, and not its systematic encouragement and pampering by all agencies of social power from the Associated Press to the Church of Christ.

2. Something old and outdated, possibly kept for sentimental reasons.
   • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter XI, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 197:

     […] the imperfect light entering by their narrow casements showed bedsteads of a hundred years old; chests in oak or walnut, looking, with their strange carvings of palm branches and cherubs’ heads, like types of the Hebrew ark; rows of venerable chairs, high-backed and narrow; stools still more antiquated, on whose cushioned tops were yet apparent traces of half-effaced embroideries, wrought by fingers that for two generations had been coffin-dust. All these relics gave to the third storey of Thornfield Hall the aspect of a home of the past: a shrine of memory.

   • 1991, U.S. News & World Report, volume 116, numbers 9-16, page 72:

     Published in 1982, the now out-of-print computer guide is a real relic, full of dozens of black-and-white pictures of large, bulky computers that you would sooner find in the Smithsonian than on anybody's desk today.

3. (religion) A part of the body of a saint, or an ancient religious object, kept for veneration.

   Synonym: (archaic) halidom

   • 1612–1613 (date written), John Webster, The Tragedy of the Dutchesse of Malfy. […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, for Iohn Waterson, […], published 1623, →OCLC, Act III, scene ii:

     Why ſhould onely I,
     Of all the other Princes of the World,
     Be caſ’d-vp, like a holy Relique?

   • 1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter 57, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume II, London: […] [William Strahan] for J[ohn] Osborn […], →OCLC, page 240:

     No Anchorite in the exstasy of devotion, ever adored a relique with more fervour than that with which I kissed this inimitable proof of my charmer’s candour, generosity and affection!

   • 1762, David Hume, “[The Anglo-Saxons.] Chapter 3.”, in The History of England, from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Henry VII, volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 135:

     […] the duke, in order to support their drooping hopes, ordered a procession to be made with the reliques of St. Valori, and prayers to be said for more favourable weather.

   • 1920, Edith Wharton, chapter 34, in The Age of Innocence, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     During that time he had been living with his youthful memory of her; but she had doubtless had other and more tangible companionship. Perhaps she too had kept her memory of him as something apart; but if she had, it must have been like a relic in a small dim chapel, where there was not time to pray every day....

4. (cosmology) A particle or entity that has existed since the Big Bang.
   • 2019, Wallisch, Benjamin, “Abstract”, in Cosmological Probes of Light Relics, page ix:

     One of the primary targets of current and especially future cosmological observations are light thermal relics of the hot big bang.

使用する際の注意点

• By comparison with synonyms, relic emphasizes age, and to some degree value – a “relic of a lost civilization”.

派生語

関連する語

動詞

relic (third-person singular simple present relics, present participle relicing or relicking, simple past and past participle reliced or relicked)

1. (transitive, uncommon, often of guitars) To cause (an object) to appear old or worn, to distress.
   • 2009, Trevor Pinch, David Reinecke, “Technostalgia: How old gear lives on in new music”, in Karin Bijsterveld, José van Dijck, editors, Sound Souvenirs: Audio Technologies, Memory and Cultural Practices, page 152:

     Age has become a fetish in the world of guitars where large amounts of money are paid for a specially “reliced” guitar. As one company, Relic Guitars, which offers this service claims, “The idea behind relicing a guitar is to artificially replicate the natural wear that occurs over many years […] ”

   • 2012, Will Kelly, How to Build Electric Guitars‎, page 81:

     The whole idea of relicing an instrument is to accelerate the wear and tear that normally occurs over decades.

   • 2017 January 19, “Fender® Custom Shop Commemorates 30th Anniversary Milestone With Founders Design Project Debuting At 2017 Winter NAMM”, in PR Newswire‎:

     He's since run his own shop, building, winding/making pickups, doing restorations and relicing guitars.

形容詞

relic (not comparable)

1. Pertaining to the Big Bang.
   • 1977, “The relic radiation spectrum and the thermal history of the universe”, in La rivista del Nuovo cimento, volume 7, number 3, page 299:

     A more realistic model must include the presence of perturbations whose extra energy can produce distortions of the relic radiation spectrum.

   • 2022 June 29, “A Step Closer to Detecting Ancient Neutrinos”, in APS‎ (Synopsis), retrieved 2 June 2024:

     While Lasserre acknowledges that physicists are still decades away from observing a direct relic neutrino signal, he says that this work represents an important step forward in the search for the holy grail of neutrino physics.

   • 2017, “Relic gravitational waves from quintessential inflation”, in Physical Review, volume 96, number 6, page 2:

     We carry out model-independent analysis to obtain the temperature at the end of inflation and the estimate for the upper bound on the Hubble parameter to circumvent the problem due to relic gravitational waves

   • 2019, Wallisch, Benjamin, chapter 1, in Cosmological Probes of Light Relics, pages 1-2:

     This has been very successfully employed by measuring the relic abundances of the light elements, which were synthesized about three minutes after the beginning of the universe during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).

Further reading

• relic on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “relic”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “relic”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “relic”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• Creil