英和和英

語源

From pre- +‎ position.

動詞

pre-position (third-person singular simple present pre-positions, present participle pre-positioning, simple past and past participle pre-positioned)

1. (transitive) To position (something) ahead of time. (The objects thus positioned are usually supplies, tools, instruments, weapons, or troops.)

   Hypernym: position

   She pre-positioned the surgical instruments in trays on a numbered rack.

   The officers deemed it necessary to pre-position at least three battalions in case of a breakout.

使用する際の注意点

• Some style guides hold the hyphen to be mandatory in this term to avoid preventable homography with preposition. In this regard compare other similar pairs such as re-create/recreate, re-treat/retreat, and un-ionized/unionized.

語源 1

From 中期英語 preposicioun, from Old French preposicion, from Latin praepositio, praepositionem, from praepono (“to place before”), equivalent to pre- +‎ position. Compare French préposition. So called because it is placed before the word with which it is phrased, as in a bridge of iron, he comes from town, it is good for food, he escaped by running.

別の表記

• præposition (archaic)

発音

• enPR: prĕp-ə-zĭsh'ən, IPA: /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/

名詞

preposition (plural prepositions)

1. (grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.
   • 1844, E. A. Andrews, First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, 6th edition, Boston, page 91:

     322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

   • 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 9, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 495:

     And in (121) below, we see that when a wh-NP is used as the Object of a Preposition, the whole Prepositional Phrase can undergo WH MOVEMENT:
     (121) (a)      [To whom] can I send this letter —?
     (121) (b)      [About what] are they quarrelling —?
     (121) (c)      [In which book] did you read about it —?

   • 2014 June 1, “Net Neutrality”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 1, episode 5, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

     I love this girl. “On which I can get my hands” — even in her darkest moment, she cannot bring herself to end a sentence with a preposition.

2. (grammar, broad sense) An adposition.
3. (obsolete) A proposition; an exposition; a discourse.
   • 1811 [1516], Robert Fabyan, edited by Sir Henry Ellis, The New Chronicles of England and France‎, page 116:

     […] he made a longe preposicion & oracion cōcernynge yͤ allegiaūce which he exortyd his lordes to owe

上位語

• (grammar, strict sense): adposition; part of speech; term; word

下位語

• (grammar, strict sense): intransitive preposition, phrasal preposition, preposition of place

等位語

• (grammar, strict sense): circumposition
• (grammar, strict sense): postposition

派生語

関連する語

参考

• preverb

語源 2

From pre- +‎ position.

別の表記

• pre-position

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɹiːpəˌzɪʃən/

動詞

preposition (third-person singular simple present prepositions, present participle prepositioning, simple past and past participle prepositioned)

1. (sometimes proscribed) Alternative spelling of pre-position.

   It is important to preposition the material before turning on the machine.