英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtɑːnɪʃ/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ

名詞

tarnish (usually uncountable, plural tarnishes)

1. Oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air.
   • 1918, Hannah Teresa Rowley, Mrs. Helen Louise (Wales) Farrell, Principles of Chemistry Applied to the Household

     Precipitated calcium carbonate, a very fine powdery form, is used as a basis for many tooth powders and pastes. As whiting it finds a wide use in cleaning metals of their tarnishes.

   • 1987 July 30, Joseph Deitch, “Removing Tarnish From Silverware”, in The New York Times‎:

     Limiting the use of silver to special occasions might invite tarnish unless the pieces are carefully protected.

動詞

tarnish (third-person singular simple present tarnishes, present participle tarnishing, simple past and past participle tarnished)

1. (intransitive) To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation.

   Synonyms: oxidate, oxygenize

   Hyponyms: patinate, rust

   Careful storage of silver will prevent it from tarnishing.

2. (transitive) To compromise, damage, soil, or sully.

   Synonyms: (literal) befoul, inquinate; (figurative) denigrate, blot; see also Thesaurus:dirty, Thesaurus:defame

   He is afraid that she will tarnish his reputation if he disagrees with her.

   • 1839, Alexander Kinmont, “Lecture the Eighth; On the Unity in Variety of the Human Race”, in Twelve Lectures on the Natural History of Man, and the Rise and Progress of Philosophy, Cincinnati: U. P. James, page 232:

     I have next shown you the Greeks, and " the wisdom" of their philosophy, often travesting, sometimes tarnishing the Christian religion : […]

   • 1991 April 7, “Players' Greed Tarnishes Game”, in The New York Times‎:

     The greed that many players show tarnishes the game.

   • 2022 March 11, David Hytner, “Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian‎:

     There are normally anti-embarrassment clauses in such arrangements and, from a corporate social responsibility point of view, the upside of standing by a tarnished individual is often outweighed by the downside.

3. (intransitive, figurative) To lose its lustre or attraction; to become dull.

   Synonyms: dull, dullen, leaden, pall

   • 1681, [John Dryden], Absalom and Achitophel. A Poem. […], 3rd edition, London: […] J[acob] T[onson] and are to be sold by W. Davis […], published 1682, →OCLC, page 7:

     Till thy freſh Glories, which now ſhine ſo bright, / Grow Stale and Tarniſh with our dayly ſight.

4. (copyright law) To use a sign, image, expression, etc. sufficiently close to a trademarked one that it brings disrepute to it.

アナグラム

• Hartins, rantish