malumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: mälʹəm, IPA: /ˈmæ.ləm/

名詞

malum (plural malums)

1. (formal) An evil or wrongdoing.

関連する語

• mal
• malus
• malum in se
• malum prohibitum

参照

• “malum”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “malum”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

語源 2

Related to Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim, “teacher”).

名詞

malum (plural malums)

1. (India, nautical, historical) The mate serving on a ship with English officers and native crew.

別の表記

• malumi

参照

• Henry Yule; A[rthur] C[oke] Burnell (1903), “malum”, in William Crooke, editor, Hobson-Jobson […] , London: John Murray, […].

アナグラム

• Mulam

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈma.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmaː.lum]

形容詞

malum

1. inflection of malus:
   1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
   2. accusative masculine singular

名詞

malum n (genitive malī); second declension

1. evil, adversity, hardship, misfortune, calamity, disaster, mischief

   Synonyms: plāga, īnfortūnium, calamitās, cāsus, cruciātus, miseria, vulnus, nūbēs, pestis

2. punishment, harm, injury, torment, misery

   Synonyms: cruciātus, pūnītiō, mercēs, poena, supplicium, vindicātiō, vindicta, animadversus, exemplum, sānctiō, pretium, noxa

   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.40:

     nūbila sunt subitīs tempora nostra malīs

     my days are clouded by sudden miseries

3. disease, illness, infirmity

   Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, pestis, valētūdō, labor, infirmitas, incommodum

   Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō

4. wrong-doing

   Synonyms: culpa, dēlīctum, peccātum, scelus, vitium, noxa, crīmen, facinus, iniūria, error, dēlinquentia, maleficium

   Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs

5. (in the plural) bad words

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生した語

• French: mal
• Italian: malo
• Spanish: malo
• → English: malum

間投詞

malum

1. damn!, fuck!, alas!, misery!
   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 2.3.389.390:

     Erotium: Certo, tibi et parasito tuo.
     Sosicles: Quoi, malum, parasito? Certo haec mulier non sana est satis.

     Certainly you did, for yourself and your parasite."
     "For whom? Fuck, parasite? Surely this woman isn't quite right in her senses.

関連する語

• malē
• malus

語源 2

Perhaps borrowed from Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”). Alternatively but less likely from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom. The Proto-Indo-European form regularly gives both mālum in Latin and μῆλον in Ancient Greek, but such reconstruction is dubious due to the fact that it is only found in some Indo-European languages. It is more likely that the Greek word was borrowed from a pre-Indo-European substratum and later borrowed into Latin. See μῆλον for more details.

別の表記

• mēlum (Late Latin)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmaː.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmaː.lum]

名詞

mālum n (genitive mālī); second declension

1. apple (fruit)
2. any tree fruit with a fleshy exterior, e.g. quinces, pears, peaches, etc.
3. the plant Aristolochia

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

• mālum discordiae
• mālum pūnicum

関連する語

• mālus
• mēlum
• mēlō
• mēlopepō

派生した語

参照

• “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• malum in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• "malum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “malum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be hard pressed by misfortune: malis urgeri
    
  • (ambiguous) to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly: male mereri de aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bene, male audire (ab aliquo)
    
  • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to inculcate good (bad) principles: bene (male) praecipere alicui
    
  • (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    
  • (ambiguous) my mind forebodes misfortune: animus praesāgit malum
    
  • (ambiguous) my mind forebodes misfortune: animo praesagio malum
    
  • (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
    
  • (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: animus male sibi conscius
    
  • (ambiguous) to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari
    
  • (ambiguous) a moral (immoral) man: homo bene (male) moratus
    
  • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
    
  • (ambiguous) to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill: rem bene (male) gerere (vid. sect. XVI. 10a)
    
  • (ambiguous) from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
    
  • (ambiguous) to buy dearly: magno or male emere
    
  • (ambiguous) to win, lose a fight (of the commander): rem (bene, male) gerere (vid. sect. XII. 2, note rem gerere...)
    
  • (ambiguous) I am sorry to hear..: male (opp. bene) narras (de)