sereとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /sɪə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /sɪ(ə)ɹ/
• 韻: -ɪə(ɹ), -ɪɹ
• Homophone: seer

語源 1

From Middle English ser, sere, seare, seer, seere, seir, seyr (“dry, withered; emaciated, shrivelled; brittle; bare; dead, lifeless; barren, useless”),^[1] from 古期英語 sēar, sīere (“dry, withered; barren; sere”),^[2] from Proto-West Germanic *sauʀ(ī), from Proto-Germanic *sauzaz (“dry, parched”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews-, *sh₂ews- (“to be dry”).

Cognate with Dutch zoor (“dry かつ coarse”), Greek αὖος (aὖos, “dry”), Lithuanian sausas (“dry”), Middle Low German sôr (Low German soor (“arid, dry”)), Old Church Slavonic suχŭ (suχŭ, “dry”),^[2]. Doublet of sear and sare.

形容詞

sere (comparative serer, superlative serest)

1. (archaic or literary, poetic) Without moisture; dry.

   Synonyms: (Britain, 古風な用法) sare, sear; see also Thesaurus:dry

   • 1810, Walter Scott, “Canto III. The Gathering.”, in The Lady of the Lake; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, OCLC 6632529, stanza XVI, page 118:

     The autumn winds rushing / Waft the leaves that are searest, / But our flower was in flushing, / When blighting was nearest.

   • 1868, Henry Lonsdale, “The Græmes, Grames, or Grahams of the Borders”, in The Worthies of Cumberland. The Right Honourable Sir J[ames] R[obert] G[eorge] Graham, Bart. of Netherby, London: George Routledge & Sons, […], OCLC 931352891, page 1:

     [T]he recitation of Border Minstrelsy, or a well-sung ballad, served to revive the sere and yellow leaf of age by their refreshing memories of the pleasurable past.

   • 1905, Vernon Lee [pseudonym; Violet Paget], The Enchanted Woods and Other Essays on the Genius of Places, London; New York, N.Y.: John Lane, OCLC 752991460, page 314:

     Perhaps it is the scant, delicate detail revealing finer lines, which thus turns corners of Tuscany into an imaginary Hellas. Or perhaps the mere sunny austerity of these rocky sere places, the twitter of birds telling of renewed life, suggesting what, to us, seem the homes of the world's happy youth.

   • 1979, Pintíg: Sa Malamig Na Bakal: Lifepulse in Cold Steel: Poems and Letters from Philippine Prisons, Hong Kong: Resource Centre for Philippine Concerns, OCLC 610185511, page 28:

     […] a blighted land / More wasted, serer than before.

   • 1984, Vernor Vinge, “The Peace War”, in Stanley Schmidt, editor, Analog Science Fiction and Fact, volume 104, New York, N.Y.: Davis Publications, ISSN 1059-2113, OCLC 1002313358, chapter 37, page 47, column 2:

     Except for their crawlers, and a crow flickering past in the mist, nothing moved: the grass was sere and golden, the dirt beneath white and gravelly.

2. (archaic or literary, poetic) Of thoughts, etc.: barren, fruitless.
   • 1847, Edgar Allan Poe, “Ulalume: A Ballad”:

     Our talk had been serious and sober,
     But our thoughts they were palsied and sere—
     Our memories were treacherous and sere—

3. (obsolete) Of fabrics: threadbare, worn out.
   • 1797–1798 (date written)​, [Samuel Taylor Coleridge], “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], published 1798, OCLC 1071922407, part V, page 27:

     The roaring wind! it roar'd far off, / It did not come anear; / But with its sound it shook the sails / That were so thin and sere.

派生語

• wood-sere

語源 2

From Latin serere, present active infinitive of serō (“to entwine, interlace, link together; to join in a series, string together”),^[3] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, tie together; to thread”).

名詞

sere (複数形 seres)

1. (ecology) A natural succession of animal or plant communities in an ecosystem, especially a series of communities succeeding one another from the time a habitat is unoccupied to the point when a climax community is achieved. [from early 20th c.]

   Synonym: seral community

   • 1980 August, Douglas C. Andersen; James A. MacMahon; Michael L. Wolfe, “Herbivorous Mammals along a Montane Sere: Community Structure and Energetics”, in Journal of Mammology‎^[1], volume 61, number 3, Baltimore, Md.: American Society of Mammalogists, ISSN 0022-2372, OCLC 1097268763, archived from the original on 21 July 2018, page 501:

     We examined one of several seres found in the middle Rocky Mountains that progress from a subalpine or montane forb-dominated meadow to a climax forest dominated by Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii).

   • 1988 December, Walter F. Mueggler, “Approach”, in Aspen Community Types of the Intermountain Region (General Technical Report; INT-250), Ogden, Ut.: Intermountain Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, OCLC 25967910, page 5, column 1:

     [C]ommunity types may represent either climax plant associations or successional communities within a sere.

   • 2007, Thomas J. Stohlgren, “History and Background, Baggage and Direction”, in Measuring Plant Diversity: Lessons from the Field, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Past かつ Present), page 31:

     [S]ome communities persisted as repeating early successional seres ("disclimaxes"), while climax communities could contain small areas of different sere communities.

下位語

• hydrosere
• lithosere
• psammosere

派生語

• seral

語源 3

From Old French serre (modern French serre (“talon”)), from serrer (“to grip tightly; to shut”) (modern French serrer (“to squeeze; to tighten”)), from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“to close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre, present active infinitive of serō (“to fasten with a bolt; to bar, bolt”), from sera (“bar for fastening doors”), from serō (“to bind または join together; entwine, interlace, interweave, plait”); see further at etymology 2.^[4]

名詞

sere (複数形 seres)

1. (obsolete) A claw, a talon.
   • [1611?], Homer, “Book XIX”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, OCLC 614803194; The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], volume I, new edition, London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, OCLC 987451361, page 149:

     Her [Minerva's] seres struck through Achilles' tent, and closely she instill'd / Heaven's most-to-be-desired feast to his great breast, and fill'd / His sinews with that sweet supply, for fear unsavoury fast / Should creep into his knees.

語源 4

From Middle English ser, sere, schere, seer, seere, seir, seyr, seyre (“different; diverse, various; distinct, individual; parted, separated; many, several”),^[5] from Old Norse sér (“for oneself; separately”, dative reflexive pronoun, literally “to oneself”), from sik (“oneself, myself, yourself, herself, himself; ourselves, yourselves, themselves”),^[6] from Proto-Germanic *sek (“oneself”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”). The English word is cognate with Danish sær (“単数形”), især (“especially, particularly”), German sich (“oneself; herself, himself, itself; themselves”), Icelandic sig (“oneself; herself, himself, itself; themselves”), Latin sē (“herself, himself, itself; themselves”), Scots seir, Swedish sär (“particularly”).^[6]

形容詞

sere (comparative more sere, superlative most sere)

1. (obsolete or Britain, dialectal) Individual, separate, set apart.
   • 1544 (date written; published 1571)​, Roger Ascham, Toxophilus, the Schole, or Partitions, of Shooting. […], London: […] Thomas Marshe, OCLC 23644671; republished in The English Works of Roger Ascham, […], London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], and J[ohn] Newbery, […], 1761, OCLC 642424485, book 2, page 137:

     Therefore I have ſeene good ſhooters [archers] which would have for everye bowe a ſere caſe, made of wullen clothe, and then you maye putte three or four of them ſo caſed, into a lether caſe if you will.

2. (obsolete or Britain, dialectal) Different; diverse.
   • 1910, James Prior, “Bishoped Porridge”, in Fortuna Chance, London: Constable & Co. Ltd., OCLC 61856236, page 316:

     Thou wert well-nee moidered [footnote: Distracted.] wi' me, I know, but it thou'd telled me, Mary, I mun do better or else we mun goo our sere-ways [footnote: Different ways.], belike I should a done better. I'm nobbut a mon, Mary, a lundy day-tale mon [footnote: Clumsy day-labourer.].

別の表記

• seer

派生語

• serely

参照

Further reading

• sere (ecology) on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• EERs, Erse, REEs, Rees, SEER, eres, rees, rese, seer

Latin

語源 1

Form of the verb serō (“I sow または plant”).

動詞

sere

1. second-person singular present active imperative of serō

語源 2

Form of the verb serō (“I join または weave”).

動詞

sere

1. second-person singular present active imperative of serō

語源 3

Form of sērus.

形容詞

sēre

1. vocative masculine singular of sērus