英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 -ablete, -iblete, -abilite, -ibilite, from Middle French -ableté, -ibleté, -abilité, -ibilité, from Latin -abilitas, -ibilitas, from -abilis (“able”) or -ibilis (“able”) + -tas. Equivalent to -able +‎ -ity. See ability.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /-əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
• (英国発音) IPA: /-əˈbɪl.ə.ti/
• (米国発音, Canada, General Australian) IPA: /-əˈbɪl.ə.ti/, [-əˈbɪl.ə.ɾi]

接尾辞

-ability (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -abilities)

1. Forms a noun from a verb or an adjective by changing from -able; ability, inclination or suitability for a specified function or condition.

   ‎cook + ‎-ability → ‎cookability

使用する際の注意点

• This suffix is equivalent to -able + -ity, but as it involves both a sound and spelling change it can be seen as a suffix in its own right. Compare -ification (equivalent to -ify + -ation).

派生語

関連する語

別の表記

• abilitie, hability, habilitie (obsolete)

語源

First attested in the 1300s. From 中期英語 abilite (“suitability, aptitude, ability”), from Old French ableté, from Latin habilitās (“aptness, ability”), from habilis (“apt, fit, skillful, able”); equivalent to able +‎ -ity.

発音

• IPA: /əˈbɪl.ə.ti/, /əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
• 韻: -ɪlɪti

名詞

ability (countable and uncountable, plural abilities)

1. (obsolete) Suitableness. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the late 17 century.]
2. (uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

   This phone has the ability to have its software upgraded wirelessly.

   This wood has the ability to fight off insects, fungus, and mold for a considerable time.

   • 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

     Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

3. The legal wherewithal to act. [First attested in the mid 17 century.]
   • 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

     The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.

4. (now limited to Scotland dialects) Physical power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
5. (archaic) Financial ability. [First attested in the early 16 century.]
6. (uncountable) A unique power of the mind; a faculty. [First attested in the late 16 century.]
7. (countable) A skill or competence in doing; mental power; talent; aptitude. [First attested in the early 17 century.]

   a mixed-ability class

   They are persons of ability, who will go far in life.

   She has an uncanny ability to defuse conflict.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 11:29:

     Then the disciples, euery man according to his abilitie, determined to send reliefe vnto the brethren which dwelt in Iudea.

   • 1848, Thomas Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II:

     The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of ability

   • 1884, Francis Bacon, Of Studies:

     Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study -

   • 2011 November 10, Jeremy Wilson, “England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, in Telegraph:

     The most persistent tormentor was Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, who scored a hat-trick in last month’s corresponding fixture in Iceland. His ability to run at defences is instantly striking, but it is his clever use of possession that has persuaded some shrewd judges that he is an even better prospect than Theo Walcott.

同意語

• (quality or state of being able): capacity, faculty, capability
• (a skill or competence): See Thesaurus:skill
• (high level of skill or capability): talent, cleverness, dexterity, aptitude
• (suitability or receptiveness to be acted upon): capability, faculty, capacity, aptness, aptitude

反意語

• inability, unability
• disability

派生語

関連する語

• able

Further reading

• “ability”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “ability”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

参照