英和和英

発音

• enPR: jěr'-ənd, IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɛɹənd/, /ˈd͡ʒɛɹʌnd/
• 韻: -ɛɹənd, -ɛɹʌnd

名詞

gerund (plural gerunds)

1. (grammar) A verbal form that functions as a verbal noun.
   • 1991, Edward Johnson, The Handbook of Good English, page 208:

     Compounds in which gerunds are the second element look exactly like compounds in which present participles are the second element, but different principles of hyphenation apply.

   • 2002, Dan Mulvey, Grammar the Easy Way, page 25:

     Like any noun, the gerund functions as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, or predicate nominative. The gerund phrase is made up of the present participle ("-ing") and can contain an object and/or a modifier (and sometimes many modifiers). The gerund is a verbal noun.

   • 2005, Gary Lutz, Diane Stevenson, The Writer's Digest Grammar Desk Reference, page 55:

     Gerunds and gerund phrases are always nouns, so they are always predicate nominatives when used as complements. Do be careful to distinguish progressive-tense verbs from gerunds used as subjective complements.

2. (grammar) In some languages such as Dutch, Italian or Russian, a verbal form similar to a present participle, but functioning as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tense.
   • 2013, John Butt, Carmen Benjamin, A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish, Kindle edition, Routledge, →ISBN:

     The Spanish gerund is quite unlike the English -ing form (‘walking’, ‘replying’, ‘saying’, etc.), which can function as a gerund, a present participle, a noun or an adjective; and it is also unlike the French form ending in -ant, which covers the functions of both the Spanish gerund and the adjectival form in -ante, -(i)ente discussed at 19.4.

上位語

派生語

関連する語

使用する際の注意点

• In English, a gerund has the same spelling as a present participle, but functions differently; however, this distinction may be ambiguous or unclear and so is no longer made in some modern texts such as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.

• Of the second sense, these constructions have various names besides gerund, depending on the language, such as conjunctive participles, active participles, adverbial participles, transgressives, etc.

参照

Further reading

• gerund on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• gurned, nudger, runged