英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 pupille, from Anglo-Norman pupille (“orphan”), from Latin pūpillus (“orphan, minor”), variant of pūpulus (“little boy”), from pūpus (“child, boy”).

名詞

pupil (plural pupils)

1. (dated outside UK) A learner at a school under the supervision of a teacher.
   • 1668 December 19, James Dalrymple, “Mr. Alexander Seaton contra Menzies” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 575

     The Pupil after his Pupillarity, had granted a Diſcharge to one of the Co-tutors, which did extinguiſh the whole Debt of that Co-tutor, and conſequently of all the reſt, they being all correi debendi, lyable by one individual Obligation, which cannot be Diſcharged as to one, and ſtand as to all the reſt.

   • 1972, Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren, How to Read a Book, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 23:

     All of these different methods of teaching elementary reading were successful for some pupils, unsuccessful for others.

   • 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 269, about a school in Lower Peover:

     The bell which called the pupils to their lessons can still be seen on the roof.

   • 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

     Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

2. One who studies under supervision of a renowned expert in their field.

   Plato was Socrates' pupil, and in turn Aristotle was Plato's pupil.

   • 2010, Plato, “Euthyphro”, in Christopher Rowe, transl., The Last Days of Socrates, Penguin Books Ltd., →ISBN, line 9b:

     I understand; it’s because I seem to you to be a worse pupil than the judges in court, because obviously you’ll demonstrate to them that the sorts of things your father did are unjust and hated by all the gods.

3. (law, obsolete) An orphan who is a minor and under the protection of the state.

使用する際の注意点

• A pupil is typically a young person, such as a schoolchild. Older learners, e.g. at university, are generally called students.

派生語

参考

• learnling

語源 2

From 中期英語 pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”), named because of the small reflected image seen when looking into someone's eye.

名詞

pupil (plural pupils)

1. (anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.
   • 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 29:

     There are sharks with round pupils, sharks with slitlike pupils, and some with pupils that expand and contract with the amount of light available. As unimpressive as this might sound to people who are used to having their pupils dilate and contract regularly, realize that no bony fish has this modification of the eye.

2. (zoology) The central dark part of an ocellated spot.

派生語

Further reading

• Pupil in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• pipul