英和和英

語源 1

By surface analysis, gruel +‎ -ing.

別の表記

• grueling (American spelling)

語源 2

From present participle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈɡɹʊə.lɪŋ/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈɡɹu.lɪŋ/, /ˈɡɹu.əl.ɪŋ/
• ハイフネーション: gru‧el‧ing

形容詞

gruelling (comparative more gruelling, superlative most gruelling)

1. (British spelling) Very difficult or taxing; exhausting; backbreaking.
   • 1959 February, “Letters to the Editor: Diggle Water Troughs”, in Railway Magazine, page 135:

     Diggle Station lies high up in the Pennine Chain, subject to extreme low temperatures. With this and heavy snowfall in the winter months, Diggle bids fair to compete with the Scottish lines under similar weather conditions, and the provision of unfrozen water in the higher ambient temperature of the tunnel must be a boon to harassed engine drivers whose thirsty steeds run short of water up the gruelling 1 in 125 seven-mile climb from Stalybridge.

同意語

• (so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted): backbreaking, exhausting, taxing

派生語

名詞

gruelling (plural gruellings)

1. (horse racing) A race in which the animal being raced finishes in a state of physical exhaustion.
   • 1869, John William Carleton, The Sporting review, ed. by 'Craven'., page 394:

     The expenses are considerably reduced, and one or two men are prevented from carrying off nearly all the races ; for though " the spirit" may be ever so " willing," the " flesh is weak," and cannot stand more than five or six gruellings in a single day.

   • 1871, The COURSING CALENDAR For The AUTUMN SEASON 1870, page 229:

     Miss Harriet just got there first from Vauban, the latter being leg weary from his previous gruellings ; the bitch scored four more before giving way to the dog, who made some nice driving points ; Miss Harriet, coming again, finished a good trial an easy winner.

   • 1907, James Blyth, The irrevocable, and other stories, page 230:

     The course was given to the black puppy, but his chance was generally considered to have been utterly destroyed by the two gruellings he had received.

   • 1949, H. Edwards Clarke, The modern greyhound, page 66:

     When "Red Robin's" other great son, "Dee Rock", was retired to stud in 1935 I recollect, too, the pessimistic prophecies of those sceptics that a dog that had endured so many gruellings in the field would never accomplish much at stud.

2. A gruelling ordeal.
   • 1919, John Castell Hopkins, Robert John Renison, Canada at War, 1914-1918: A Record of Heroism and Achievement:

     It was the hardest fighting that our Canadians have been up against, and the manner in which they took these terrible gruellings and assaults is one of the most creditable occurrences in the annals of this great war."

   • 1934, Lawrence Pearsall Jacks, George Dawes Hicks, George Stephens Spinks, The Hibbert Journal - Volume 33, page 53:

     Its life may be but for its hour, amid the gruellings of the world, but for this hour it justifies both its kind and nature, which has produced it, and though it fade and perish, yet it lives as the patterning embodiment of a whole striving after beauty of a creative nature.

   • 2005, Dai Vaughan, Non-return, →ISBN, page 81:

     'Give me a buzz when you think you can squeeze me in between English lit and the pinball championships and the gruellings of overwork, OK?'

動詞

gruelling

1. present participle and gerund of gruel