英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/, /ɹəˈmeɪ.ni.ə/
• (General American) IPA: /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/
• (Received Pronunciation, 米国発音) IPA: /ɹʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/, /ɹuːˈmeɪ.ni.ə/(alternative pronunciation derived from the old spelling Rumania)
• (Scotland) IPA: /ɾoˈme.ne.ə/, /-nɪ.ə/, /-ni.ə/
• (Wales) IPA: /ɾoːˈmeː.ni.ə/
• (Philippines) IPA: /ɹoˈmaː.nja/
• 韻: -eɪniə

語源 1

From Romanian România, from român (“Romanian”) (in turn from Latin Rōmānus (“Roman”)) + -ia.

別の表記

• România (rare)
• Rumania, Roumania (archaic)

固有名詞

Romania

1. A country in Southeastern Europe. Capital and largest city: Bucharest.
   • 2014 November 9, Stanley Reed, “Britain Plans for Future of Shale Oil and Gas Industry”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 18 January 2022:

     There is strong resistance in much of Europe to fracking, the practice of forcing liquid and sand into wells to release trapped oil and gas. France has a ban on fracking, Germany has imposed a moratorium, and opposition has cropped up and sometimes delayed shale exploration in Eastern European countries like Romania and Poland.

派生語

参考

• Appendix:Countries of the world

語源 2

From Latin Rōmānia, from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía), itself from Latin Rōmānus. By surface analysis, Roman +‎ -ia. Doublet of Romagna.

別の表記

• Rhomania

固有名詞

Romania

1. (academic, historical, linguistics) The Latin- or Romance-speaking areas of Europe, collectively.
2. (historical) Synonym of Byzantine Empire, also used for its former territories.
   • 1973, Arnold Joseph Toynbee, Constantine Porphyrogenitus and his world, page 682:

     There is a significant coincidence of dates between several events: the splitting of the Paulician community in Rhomania in consequence of Séryios’s innovations; the breach between Séryios’s partisans and the East Roman Imperial Government, […]

   • 1988, Donald M. Nicol, Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, page 208:

     The Doge of Venice was honored with his full title of dominator of one-quarter and one-eighth of the whole Empire of Romania; and he was promised repossession of all the rights and properties that his people had held in Constantinople in the years of the Latin occupation.

   • 1989, Ferenc Makk, The Árpáds and the Comneni: political relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century, page 110:

     In this letter the basileus informed the Pope that Béla III had attacked Serbia, since he was not content with his own country, “which he acquired with difficulties and with the help of the armies and the money of Rhomania [i.e. Byzantium]”.

   • 1989, David Jacoby, “From Byzantium to Latin Romania: Continuity and Change”, in Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean After 1204, page 1:

     The Fourth Crusade ended in 1204 with the Western or Latin conquest of Constantinople and signalled the beginning of a new era in the history of the Byzantine lands or Romania.

   • 1999, Rustam Shukurov, “Turkoman and Byzantine Self-Identity: Some reflections on the Logic of the Title-Making in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Anatolia”, in Eastern Approaches to Byzantium: Papers from the Thirty-Third Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies:

     If the Constantinopolitan Byzantines regarded the Anatolian Turkic territories as lands temporarily lost from their indivisible universal Rhomania, the Turkoman rulers of the twelfth century considered Rhomania as being factually divided between several rulers.

   • 2001, David Jacoby, “Changing Economic Patterns in Latin Romania: The Impact of the West”, in The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World, page 197:

     The dramatic fall of Constantinople in 1204 and the Latin conquest of the Empire’s provinces in the following decade resulted in the dismemberment of Romania.

   • 2013, Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II), trans. Robert Brown, Europe (c.1400-1458), page 69:

     Next to them, the maritime region extending south to the Hellespont is Romania—a Greek nation, though it was once barbarian, and it is returning to barbarism in our own time, now that the empire of the Greeks has been destroyed and the Turks hold sway. The capital city of this country [Thrace] is Byzantium, formerly called Agios.

語源 3

固有名詞

Romania

1. Obsolete form of Romagna.
   • 1629 [1619], Paolo Sarpi, translated by Nathaniel Brent, The Historie of the Councel of Trent […]‎, London: Bonham Norton and John Bill, →OCLC, book 1, paragraph 97, page 43:

     In the end of Ianuarie, Borbon passed the Po with all his troupes, and directed his iourney towards Romania: […]

アナグラム

• Maorian, Mo i Rana, Omarian, amanori

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [roːˈmaː.ni.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [roˈmaː.ni.a]

固有名詞

Rōmānia f sg (genitive Rōmāniae); first declension

1. (historical, Late Latin) Roman Empire
   • lived ca. 385 CE - ca. 420 CE, Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos 7.43.5:

     Nam ego quoque ipse virum quemdam Narbonensem ... audivi, se familiarissimum Ataulpho apud Narbonam fuisse: ac de eo ... didicisse, quod ... referre solitus esset, se in primis ardenter inhiasse: ut, obliterato Romano nomine, Romanum omne sŏlum, Gothorum imperium et faceret et vocaret: essetque, ut vulgariter loquar, Gothia, quod Romania fuisset; fieretque nunc Ataulphus quod quondam Caesar Augustus.

     I, too, once heard a man from Narbonne who claimed to be very familiar with Athaulf and who had learned that Athaulf would often say that, more than anything else, he desired this: after eliminating the name of Rome, he would make the entire Roman land subject to Gothic power and call it so, calling (if I may speak vulgarly) what was previously Romania as "Gothia". And so Athaulfus would become what Caesar Augustus once was [i.e. the first emperor of a new empire].

2. (historical, Medieval Latin) Byzantine Empire
3. (New Latin) Romania (a country in Southeastern Europe)

語形変化

First-declension noun, singular only.

派生した語

• Old French: Romanie
  • → Middle English: Romanie
• Italian: Romagna
• Romagnol: Rumâgna
• → Proto-Brythonic: *rrʉβ̃ėn (from a Vulgar Latin variant "Rōmănia" with a short "a" in the second syllable)
  • Middle Welsh: Ruvein
    • Welsh: Rhufain