英和和英

語源

By surface analysis, trahō (“to drag”) +‎ -ula. For the long ā, compare the formations of rēgula, tēgula and sēcula. For potential cognates, see Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-; the reconstruction of this root is disputed.

Compare typologically Polish włócznia (< włóczyć).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtraː.ɡʊ.ɫa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈtraː.ɡu.la]

名詞

trāgula f (genitive trāgulae); first declension

1. a javelin or dart having a throwing-strap (āmentum)
2. dragnet, trawl
   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 16.XIII.34:

     suberi minima arbor, glans pessima, rara, cortex tantum in fructu, praecrassus ac renascens atque etiam in denos pedes undique explanatus. usus eius ancoralibus maxime navium piscantiumque tragulis et cadorum obturamentis, praeterea in hiberno feminarum calceatu. quamobrem non infacete Graeci corticis arborem appellant. sunt et qui feminam ilicem vocent atque, ubi non nascitur ilex, pro ea subere utantur in carpentariis praecipue fabricis, ut circa Elim et Lacedaemonem. nec in Italia tota nascitur aut in Gallia omnino.

     • Translation by Rackham, Jones, & Eichholz

       The cork is a very small tree, and its acorns are very bad in quality and few in number; its only useful product is its bark, which is extremely thick and which when cut grows again; when flattened out it has been known to form a sheet as big as 10 feet square. This bark is used chiefly for ships' anchor drag-ropes and fishermen's dragnets and for the bungs of casks, and also to make soles for women's winter shoes. Consequently the Greek name for the tree is 'bark-tree,' which is not inappropriate. Some people also call it the female holm-oak, and in places where the holm-oak does not grow, for instance in the districts of Elis and Sparta, use cork-tree timber instead of holm-oak, especially for wain-wright's carpentry. It does not grow all over Italy or anywhere in Gaul.

3. a drag or sledge used in agriculture

   Synonym: traha

   • a. 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De lingua latina V.XXXI.139:

     Quibus conportatur fructus ac necessariae res: de his fiscina a ferendo dicta. Corbes ab eo quod eo spicas aliudve quid corruebant; hinc minores corbulae dictae. De his quae iumenta ducunt, tragula, quod ab eo trahitur per terram; sirpea, quae virgis sirpatur, id est colligando implicatur, in qua stercus aliudve quid vehitur.

     • Translation by Wiktionary

       As thereby fruits and necessities are carried, a punnet gets its name from carrying. A basket from the circumstance that it is plant-heads or similar fitted together; hence smaller are said basketlets. From this what draught animals drag we have the drag, for by it it drags over the earth; a wicker-basket one that is bound from wicker, that is folded by tying, sharn or the like being held therein.

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “tragula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tragula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tragula”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “tragula”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers