日本企業の対米直接投資データを用いることにより直接投資による技術・知識の拡散効果に関する実証研究を行ったBranstetter（2000）によれば、進出企業（日本企業）から受入国（米国）と、受入国から進出企業という双方向において、技術の波及が存在することが示されており、また企業の進出目的が製造を主とするケースよりも研究開発であるケースにおいてその効果が大きくなる傾向があるという。例文帳に追加

Empirical research by Branstetter (2000) using data on direct investment in the United States by Japanese companies to examine the technology and know how spillover effect of direct investment found that technology “spilled over” from both the investing companies (Japanese companies) to the host country (the US) and from the host country to the investing companies. Moreover, the effect tended to be greater in those cases where the primary purpose of the company establishing operations in the host country was R&D rather than manufacturing. - 経済産業省

半導体装置の製造条件の迅速な調整とそれによる歩留まり、生産能率の向上、また研究開発のスピードアップを図るために、ＳＰＶ法を用いた半導体のシリコン基板の少数キャリア拡散長評価を迅速かつ確実に行うためのシリコン基板の評価方法を提供する。例文帳に追加

To provide a silicon-substrate evaluating method for evaluating rapidly and surely the diffusion length of the minority carriers of a semiconductor silicon substrate by using an SPV method, in order to attempt rapid adjustment of the manufacturing condition of a semiconductor device, to improve thereby its yield and its productivity efficiency, and to increase the rate of its research and its development. - 特許庁

この点に関して、人口30万人規模のJ市について、同市役所内で公募された職員による研究会が行った調査によれば、同市では過去30年間でDID面積が約2倍に拡大し、人口密度が約7割に低下したため、既存都市施設の有効活用を考慮し、住民負担を抑制しつつ、都市施設の維持に係るサービス水準を維持しようとすれば、市街地の拡散による人口密度の低下は避けるべきであり、都市の核となる地区への人口回帰を図り、生活の諸機能や都市機能が集合した「コンパクトなまちづくり」を目指すことが重要としている。例文帳に追加

Regarding this point, a survey undertaken by a workshop consisting of officials selected from applicants from the city office of City J, which has a population of 300,000, found that as the city's DID area had approximately doubled over the past 30 years and the population density had dropped to approximately 70%, a decline in population density on account of the spread of the central urban area should be avoided if the level of services for maintaining urban facilities is to be maintained while keeping the burden on residents in check and taking into consideration effective use of existing urban facilities. This makes it important to encourage the return of populations to districts that form the core of cities, and to pursue "compact town development" bringing together residential functions and urban functions. - 経済産業省

例文

９　この法律において「国際規制物資」とは、核兵器の不拡散に関する条約第三条１及び４の規定の実施に関する日本国政府と国際原子力機関との間の協定（以下「保障措置協定」という。）その他日本国政府と一の外国政府（国際機関を含む。）との間の原子力の研究、開発及び利用に関する国際約束（核兵器の不拡散に関する条約第三条１及び４の規定の実施に関する日本国政府と国際原子力機関との間の協定の追加議定書（以下単に「追加議定書」という。）を除く。以下単に「国際約束」という。）に基づく保障措置の適用その他の規制を受ける核原料物質、核燃料物質、原子炉その他の資材又は設備をいう。例文帳に追加

(9) The term "international controlled material" as used in this Act means nuclear source material, nuclear fuel material, a reactor or other material or equipment subject to safeguards or other controls based on agreements between the government of Japan and the International Atomic Energy Agency in implementation of paragraphs 1 and 4 of Article III of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (hereinafter referred to as "safeguards agreement") as well as other international agreements between the government of Japan and the government of a foreign country (including international organizations) concerning the research, development and use of atomic energy (excluding protocol additional to the agreement between the government of Japan and the International Atomic Energy Agency c in implementation of paragraphs 1 and 4 of Article III of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (hereinafter referred to as "additional protocol")) (hereinafter referred to as "international agreements").発音を聞く - 日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム