grav isとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *gʷraus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us, an u-stem adjective regularly enlarged into the i-stem, compare brevis, dulcis, mollis, tenuis, etc. Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus, “heavy”), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). See also Latin brūtus.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɡra.wɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɡraː.vis]

形容詞

gravis (neuter grave, comparative gravior, superlative gravissimus, adverb graviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. heavy

   Antonym: levis

2. pregnant

   Synonym: gravidus

3. troublesome, hard
4. grave, serious
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.3:

     Habēmus senātus cōnsultum in tē, Catilīna, vehemēns et grave, [...].

     We have a decree of the Senate against you, Catiline, decisive and serious, [...].

5. rank, unpleasant, strong (smell)

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

派生語

派生した語

(Note: see also grevis.)

参照

Further reading

• “gravis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gravis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “gravis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • healthy climate: caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli (opp. grave, gravitas)
    
  • to be seriously ill: gravi morbo affectum esse, conflictari, vexari
    
  • to recruit oneself after a severe illness: e gravi morbo recreari or se colligere
    
  • elevated, moderate, plain style: genus dicendi grave or grande, medium, tenue (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6. 21)
    
  • a deep, high, thin, moderate voice: vox gravis, acuta, parva, mediocris
    
  • a man of character, with a strong personality: vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis)
    
  • exorbitant rate of interest: fenus iniquissimum, grande, grave
    
  • an important witness: testis gravis
    
  • to be (seriously, mortally) wounded: vulnus (grave, mortiferum) accipere, excipere
    
  • (ambiguous) cogent, decisive reasons: magnae (graves) necessariae causae
    
  • (ambiguous) men of sound opinions: homines graves (opp. leves)
    
  • (ambiguous) to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui