hijraとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā).

別の表記

• hejra, hijada, hijara, hijrah

名詞

hijra (plural hijras)

1. A eunuch in South Asia, especially one who dresses as a woman. [from 19th c.]
   • 1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, Penguin, published 2004, page 172:

     When the Mughal court was disbanded, Muslim hijras were exposed for the first time to the other, Hindu, tradition of eunuchry.

2. A (typically biologically male or intersex, but sometimes biologically female) member of a somewhat feminine third gender found in India and Pakistan.
   • 1995, Gayatri Reddy, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, & Culture), →ISBN [1]:

     The subjects of this study are hijras or the "third sex" of India, individuals who occupy a unique, liminal space between male and female, sacred and profane.

   • 2011, AIDS Sutra: Untold Stories from India, →ISBN, page 111:

     Even more surprisingly, there are female hijras, women who were born women, who are drawn into the gharanas by the attraction and apparent safety of the hierarchies' substitute for family life.

   • 2013, Raymond A. Smith, Global HIV/AIDS Politics, Policy, and Activism, →ISBN, page 208:

     While videographers were shooting him as he sat on the floor among a group of male and female sex workers, two transgender (male-to-female) hijras came to sit next to him, one on either side.

   • 2013, Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies, →ISBN, page 280:

     Nanda profiles […] an uncastrated hijra who is married to a man and has an adopted son; and a hermaphrodite hijra […]

使用する際の注意点

• This term is sometimes considered offensive in Pakistan, where the preferred native alternative is khwaja sira, from Urdu خواجہ سرا (xāja sarā).

派生語

参考

• zenana

参照

語源 2

From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”). Doublet of hegira.

別の表記

• hijrah

名詞

hijra (plural hijras)

1. Alternative letter-case form of Hijra.
2. Any similar flight or emigration to a better place.
3. (Islam) Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one.
   • 2007, Abu Maryam Isma’eel Alarcon, transl., The Three Fundamental Principles of Imaam Muhammad bin ‘Abdil-Wahhaab‎, Al-Ibaanah E-Books, page 17:

     Hijrah means Moving from a land of Shirk to a land of Islaam.

使用する際の注意点

Usually capitalized in reference to the specific event or the Islamic calendar based upon it.