iacioとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”). According to Leppänen, the aorist form *(H)yéh₁kt ~ *(H)ih₁ként may have yielded an early Proto-Italic aorist of the shape *jēked ~ *jakond, to which iaciō was created as an innovative ye-present. Schrijver and De Vaan, however, derive the term from Proto-Italic *jak-i-, which De Vaan further traces back to Proto-Indo-European *(H)ih₁-k-(i-). Phonologically, a development of *Hih₁- > ī- may be expected, though Schrijver notes—citing the etymologies of vacuus and vannus—a regular development of *Hih₁- > ia- is also possible. De Vaan suggests that, even if the phonological outcome is not regular, the term might have been remodeled from earlier *īcio according to the model of pairs such as faciō ~ fēcī. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi, “to send, throw”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈja.ki.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈjaː.t͡ʃi.o]

動詞

iaciō (present infinitive iacere, perfect active iēcī, supine iactum); third (-iō variant) conjugation

1. to throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away

   Synonyms: coniciō, iniciō, adiciō, obiciō, abiciō, iaculor, iactō, trāiciō, spargō, impingō, ēmittō, mittō, permittō, lībrō

   Alea iacta est. ― The die has been cast.(Caesar)

2. to lay, set, establish, build, found, construct, erect

   fundamenta iacere ― to lay the foundations/groundwork

3. to send forth, emit; bring forth, produce

   Synonyms: ēmittō, prōdō, ēdō, effundō, mittō

4. to scatter, sow, throw
5. (as a shadow) to project
6. (figuratively) to throw out in speaking, let fall, utter, mention, declare

Conjugation

派生語

参照

Further reading

• “jacio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iacio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “iacio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    
  • (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
    
  • (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    
  • (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    
  • (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be out of range: extra teli iactum, coniectum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
    
  • (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere