terraとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈtɛɹə/
• 韻: -ɛɹə
• Homophone: terror (non-rhotic accents)

名詞

terra (複数形 terras または terrae)

1. A continent or large landmass, e.g. Arabia Terra or Aphrodite Terra.
2. A Lunar highland or mountainous region with a relatively high albedo, e.g. Terra Nivium.

関連する語

アナグラム

• Arter, arrêt, arter, rater, retar, tarre

Latin

語源

From Proto-Italic *terzā, from Proto-Indo-European *ters-eh₂, from *ters- (“dry”).

Cognate with torreō, Ancient Greek τέρσομαι (térsomai), Old Irish tír, Sanskrit तृष्यति (tṛ́ṣyati), 古期英語 þurst (English thirst). Compare the semantics of Ancient Greek χέρσος (khérsos).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈter.ra/, [ˈt̪ɛrːä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈter.ra/, [ˈt̪ɛrːä]

名詞

terra f (genitive terrae); first declension

1. the dry land (as opposed to watery parts of the Earth)
2. the surface of the land: the ground, the floor

   Synonym: humus

3. the substance generally composing the dry land: clay, clod, dirt, earth, mold/mould, soil

   Synonyms: solum, tellūs, humus

4. any given area of dry land: a land, a country, a region, a territory
   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Tristia 1.127-128:

     nōbīs habitābitur orbis ultimus, ā terrā terra remōtā meā.

     The end of the world will be my dwelling, a land far removed from my land.
     (The poet writes from exile.)

   • ad 405, Jerome, Vulgate Bible, Dan. 1:2

     […] et asportavit ea in terram sennaar in domvm dei svi […]

     […] which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god […]

5. the entire surface of planet Earth (dry land かつ sea, または sea floor, together; as opposed to the heavens)
   • 29 bc, Vergil, Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire [of sex].

7. the planet Earth: the Earth (as a celestial object), the globe, the world
   • 45 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes ; 1.17.40:

     num igitur dubitamus—? an sicut pleraque? quamquam hoc quidem minime; persuadent enim mathematici terram in medio mundo sitam ad universi caeli complexum quasi puncti instar optinere, quod κέντρον illi vocant...

     Do we, then, doubt, as we do in other cases (though I think here is very little room for doubt in this case, for the mathematicians prove the facts to us), that the earth is placed in the midst of the universe, being, as it were, a sort of point, which they call a κέντρον, surrounded by the whole heavens...

使用する際の注意点

The use of terra to describe the globe as a heavenly body was already established in antiquity, but in New Latin, as the Earth became more indistinguishable from other planets, it gradually came to be treated as a proper noun (see Terra). The English Earth underwent this same transition.

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• “terra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “terra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• terra in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• terra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the earth; the glob: orbis terrae, terrarum
    
  • the continent: (terra) continens (B. G. 5. 8. 2)
    
  • an inland region; the interior: terra (regio) mediterranea
    
  • the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more まれに fert, but not profert) fruges
    
  • the earth brings forth fruit abundantly: terra fundit fruges
    
  • the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae terra gignit
    
  • the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae e terra gignuntur
    
  • the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae a terra stirpibus continentur
    
  • the vegetable kingdom: ea quorum stirpes terra continentur (N. D. 2. 10. 26)
    
  • the atmosphere: aer terrae circumiectus or circumfusus
    
  • the atmosphere: aer qui est terrae proximus
    
  • a zone: orbis, pars (terrae), cingulus
    
  • to be contiguous, adjacent to a country: tangere, attingere terram
    
  • to be contiguous, adjacent to a country: finitimum esse terrae
    
  • to have the same boundaries; to be coterminous: continentem esse terrae or cum terra (Fam. 15. 2. 2)
    
  • the empire reaches to the ends of the world: imperium orbis terrarum terminis definitur
    
  • the most distant countries, the world's end: ultimae terrae
    
  • the most distant countries, the world's end: extremae terrae partes
    
  • to begin a journey (on foot, on horseback, by land): iter ingredi (pedibus, equo, terra)
    
  • to travel through the most remote countries: disiunctissimas ultimas terras peragrare (not permigrare)
    
  • to fall to the earth: in terram cadere, decidere
    
  • to sink into the earth: in terram demergi
    
  • to keep one's eyes on the ground: oculos figere in terra and in terram
    
  • geography: terrarum or regionum descriptio (geographia)
    
  • to conquer a country: terra potiri
    
  • to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: terram suae dicionis facere
    
  • to make oneself master of a people, country: populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself)
    
  • to disembark troops: milites in terram, in terra exponere
    
  • the storm drives some one on an unknown coast: procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
    
  • to land (of people): appellere navem (ad terram, litus)
    
  • to land, disembark: exire, egredi in terram
    
  • to be unable to land: portu, terra prohiberi (B. C. 3. 15)
    
• “terra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “terra”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

アナグラム

• errat