英和和英

語源

From Proto-Italic *ferjō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰér-ye-ti, unaccented ye-present of the root *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”), with the root-final laryngeal dropped due to Pinault's law. An o-grade reflex is attested in forō. Cognate with Albanian bie (“to fall”), 古期英語 ġebered (“crushed, kneaded”), English berry (“to beat, thrash”), Old Armenian բերան (beran), and Ancient Greek φᾰ́ρος (phắros, “plough”), φαράω (pharáō). More at berry.

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to scrape, cut”). Compare Middle Irish berna, Old High German berjan, Middle High German berjen, 古期英語 bered, and Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬲𐬌𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (tižibāra). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

動詞

feriō (present infinitive ferīre, perfect active feriī, future active participle ferītūrus); fourth conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. to hit, to strike, to smite, to beat, to knock, injure

   Synonyms: mulcō, sauciō, īnfestō, tango, percutio, pello, discutio, pulsō, tundō, accido, affligo, percello, impingo, ico, verbero, vulnerō, secō, noceō, laedō

   ferīrī ā serpente

   to be stung by a snake

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.102–103:

     Tālia iactantī, strīdēns Aquilōne procellā
     vēlum adversa ferit, flūctūsque ad sīdera tollit.

     [Even as Aeneas is] crying out such [great words], a gust howling from the Northwind is striking [his] sail full on, and raising up waves to heaven.
     (The description of waves reaching the sky exemplifies hyperbole. The Northwind: See Aquilo; Anemoi, Anemoi.)

2. to cut, to thrust
3. (with accusative) to kill by striking, to slay, to give a deathblow

   aliquem secūrī ferīre.

   to behead someone with an axe

   Tū illō diē, Jūpiter, populum Rōmānum sīc ferītō, ut ego hunc porcum hīc hodiē feriam, tantōque magis ferītō, quantō magis potes pollēsque.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. (money) to strike, to stamp, to coin

   Asses sextantario pondere ferire.

   To strike asses only the sixth part of a pound.

   • moneyer; in the Roman Republic, the abbreviation III. VIR. AAAFF. or even III. VIR. A.P.F. (tresviri ad pecuniam feriundum) was written on the coins, but it stood for:

     Tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo.

     Three men for striking and casting bronze, silver and copper coins.

5. to make a deal or contract or compact, covenant, or treaty

   Synonyms: ī̆cō, percutiō, pacīscor, pangō

6. (figuratively) to strike, reach, affect
   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.518:

     clāmor Aventīnī saxa propinqua ferit

     The cry strikes the nearby rocks of Aventine Hill.
     (See: Aventine Hill.)

使用する際の注意点

• Perfect and passive forms are rare. Perfect forms and perfect passive participle are usually supplied by its synonym, percutio. Sometimes ictus, the perfect passive participle of īcō, is used.
• The verb form feriunt (“they strike”) had the archaic spelling ferinunt.

Conjugation

派生語

• secūrī feriō (I behead)
• foedus feriō (I make a compact, covenant or treaty)
• amōrum turpissimōrum foedera feriō (I form illicit connections)

派生した語

参照

• “ferio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ferio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ferio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to beat one's brow: frontem ferire, percutere
    
  • to slaughter victims: victimas (oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep) immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare
    
  • to execute a person, cut off his head: securi percutere, ferire aliquem
    
  • to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
    
• ferio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication