英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /wəʊld/, [wɒʊɫd], (doll–dole merger) /wɒld/
• (Standard Southern British) IPA: /wəwld/, [wɔwɫd], (doll–dole merger) /wɔld/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /woʊld/
• (General Australian) IPA: /wəʉld/, [wɔʉɫd], (doll–dole merger) /wɔld/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /waʉld/, [wɔʉɫd], (doll–dole merger) /wɔld/
• (Scotland) IPA: /wold/
• (Wales, without the toe–tow merger) IPA: /would/
• 韻: -əʊld

名詞

wold (plural wolds)

1. (archaic, regional) An unforested or deforested plain, a grassland, a moor.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

     Saint Withold footed thrice the ’old;
     He met the nightmare, and her nine fold;

   • 1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter VIII, in Rob Roy. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 180:

     […]—I came with my cousin, Frank Osbaldistone, there, and I must shew him the way back again to the Hall, or he’ll lose himself in the wolds.

   • 1812–1818, Lord Byron, “(please specify |canto=I to IV)”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: […] [F]or John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza 69:

     And therefore did he take a trusty band
     To traverse Acarnania forest wide,
     In war well-seasoned, and with labours tanned,
     Till he did greet white Achelous’ tide,
     And from his farther bank Ætolia’s wolds espied.

   • 1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “To J. S.”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 158:

     The wind that beats the mountain, blows
     More softly round the open wold,

   • 1847 November 1, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie, Boston, Mass.: William D. Ticknor & Company, →OCLC:

     Blossomed the opening spring, and the notes of the robin and bluebird
     Sounded sweet upon wold and in wood, yet Gabriel came not.

   • 1865, Christina Rossetti, “From Sunset to Star Rise”, in Poems‎, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., published 1906, page 26:

     Take counsel, sever from my lot your lot,
     Dwell in your pleasant places, hoard your gold;
     Lest you with me should shiver on the wold,
     Athirst and hungering on a barren spot.

   • 1881, Oscar Wilde, “[Rosa Mystica.] Rome Unvisited.”, in Poems, London: David Bogue, […], →OCLC, canto IV, page 47:

     Before yon field of trembling gold
     Is garnered into dusty sheaves,
     Or ere the autumn’s scarlet leaves
     Flutter as birds adown the wold, […]

   • 1942, Neville Shute, chapter 8, in Pied Piper‎, New York: William Morrow & Co:

     It seemed to be a fairly large and prosperous farm, grouped round a modest country house standing among trees as shelter from the wind. About it rolled the open pasture of the wold, as far as could be seen.

2. (obsolete) A wood or forest, especially a wooded upland.

使用する際の注意点

• Used in many English placenames, always hilly tracts of land.
• German Wald is a cognate, but a false friend because it retains the original meaning of forest.

派生語

関連する語

• weald
• wald

参考

参照

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “wold”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

語源 2

From 中期英語 wolde.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /wəʊld/

形容詞

wold (comparative wolder, superlative woldest)

1. (archaic, dialect, West Country, Dorset, Devon) Old.
   • 1873, Elijah Kellogg, Sowed by the Wind: Or, The Poor Boy's Fortune, Boston: Lee and Shepard, page 19:

     "[A] girt wind had a-blowed the wold tree auver, so that his head were in the water."

   • 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 7:

     "I've got a wold silver spoon, and a wold graven seal at home, too; but, Lord, what's a graven seal?"

アナグラム

• dowl, lowd, owld

別の表記

• wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde
• wæld (Early Middle English)

発音

• IPA: /wɔ̝ːld/, (later) /wɔu̯ld/
• (Southern) IPA: /wɛ̝ːld/
• (Northern) IPA: /waːld/, (later) /wɑu̯ld/

名詞

wold (plural *woldes)

1. wood (wooded area), forest
   • c. 1225, St. Margaret of Antioch:

     Þe wurmes & te wilde deor ... o þis wald wunieð.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 1330, Sir Tristrem:

     Beliagog in þat nede Fond him riche wald To fine.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1450, Wars of Alexander:

     Was nouthire waldis in þar walke ne watir to fynde.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. clearing, plain (open land)
   • c. 1275, Layamon, Brut:

     Ȝif æi mon hine mihte ifinden uppe þissere wælden, ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. upland, hill country
4. (poetic) land, the world

派生した語

• English: wold, weald, wald
• Scots: wald

参照

• “wōld, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

動詞

wold

1. alternative spelling of wolde