英和和英

語源

From either Medieval Latin perūtor, perūsitō (“wear out”) or Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”), originally leading to two concurrent meanings, but only those derived from "to examine" survive today. By surface analysis, per- +‎ use.

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA: /pəˈɹuːz/
• 韻: -uːz

動詞

peruse (third-person singular simple present peruses, present participle perusing, simple past and past participle perused)

1. (transitive) To examine or consider with care.
   • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter IV, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 58:

     Sitting on a low stool, a few yards from her arm-chair, I examined her figure; I perused her features.

2. (transitive) To read completely.
   • 1647, William Petty, The Advice to Hartlib:

     This survey may be made by perusing al Books and taking notice of all Mechanicall Inventions.

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     We are for reasons that, after perusing this manuscript, you may be able to guess, going away again this time to Central Asia […]

   • 1960, William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Simon & Schuster, page 81:

     Not every German who bought a copy of Mein Kampf necessarily read it. […] But it might be argued that had more non-Nazi Germans read it before 1933 and had the foreign statesmen of the world perused it carefully while there still was time, both Germany and the world might have been saved from catastrophe.

3. (transitive, informal) To look over casually; to skim.
   • 2001, Doug Stanton, In Harm's Way: The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis‎, →ISBN, page 35:

     Haynes quickly perused the message, then took it to the captain on the bridge.

   • 2005, Al Lovejoy, Acid Alex‎, →ISBN, page 98:

     She asked Denise for the court file, which she fussed from her handbag. The woman perused it briefly and then beamed up at me.

4. (intransitive, regional) To go from place to place; to wander.
   • 1957, Robert Ruark, The Old Man And The Boy‎, →ISBN, page 55:

     I loved to straggle off in the mornings […] , just perusing around for firewood.

使用する際の注意点

• The sense of "skimming" is proscribed by some authorities on usage, including the Oxford American Dictionary. The shift, however, is not dissimilar to that found in scan, and thus, interestingly, peruse and scan are a synonym pair in which each is a contranym meaning either "to read carefully" or "to read hastily". To avoid ambiguity—and reader annoyance—careful writers may prefer skim when skimming is meant or scrutinize when care is meant. The Oxford English Dictionary further notes that the word peruse was used as a general synonym for read as far back as the 16th century.

派生語

名詞

peruse (plural peruses)

1. An examination or perusal; an instance of perusing.
   • 2008 September 12, Dave Robson, “Hi-tea, low cost!”, in Evening Gazette:

     A peruse of the website looked promising […]

アナグラム

• persue, purees, purées, rupees