英和和英

語源

From Latin vetō (“to forbid”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈviːtəʊ/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈvi.toʊ/, [ˈviɾoʊ], /ˈviˌtoʊ/, [ˈviˌtʰoʊ]
• 韻: -iːtəʊ, -əʊ

名詞

veto (plural vetoes or vetos)

1. A political right to disapprove of (and thereby stop) the process of a decision, a law etc.
2. An invocation of that right.
   • 1978, Richard Nixon, “The Presidency 1973–1974”, in RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon‎, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 1078:

     I called Haig in and told him that I wanted to veto the agricultural appropriations bill we had discussed in the Cabinet meeting on Tuesday, because I did not want Ford to have to do it on his first day as President. Haig brought the veto statement in, and I signed it. It was the last piece of legislation I acted on as President.

   • 2019 June 5, Richard Fausset, “North Carolina Legislature Fails to Overturn Governor’s Veto of Anti-Abortion Bill”, in The New York Times‎:

     The failure on Wednesday to overturn Mr. Cooper’s veto was among the most dramatic consequences of Democratic legislative victories in North Carolina last November, which broke Republican supermajorities in both chambers and made it easier for Mr. Cooper’s vetos to survive.

   • 2024 August 31, David W. Chen, “In North Carolina, the Math for a Supermajority May Come Down to One”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 5 September 2024:

     Now, Republican legislators cannot afford to lose a single seat, in either chamber, if they want to continue to override his vetoes.

3. An authoritative prohibition or negative; a forbidding; an interdiction.
   • 1876, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 44, in Daniel Deronda, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

     This contemptuous veto of her husband's on any intimacy with her family.

4. A technique or mechanism for discarding what would otherwise constitute a false positive in a scientific experiment.
   • 2021 J.R. Wilson and the Hyper-Kamiokande Collaboration 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2156 012153

     An outer detector (OD) region will act as both a passive shield for low energy backgrounds and an active veto for cosmic ray muons.

派生語

動詞

veto (third-person singular simple present vetoes, present participle vetoing, simple past and past participle vetoed)

1. (transitive) To use a veto against.

   The president vetoed the bill.

   • 1955 March, T. B. Sands, “The Didcot, Newbury & Southampton Railway—2”, in Railway Magazine, page 191:

     The railway was in fact shifted in 1937 a little to the west, over a distance of a quarter-mile, to make room for the by-pass at this point, but complete abandonment was firmly vetoed because of the proved strategic value of the line.

   • 2008 April 15, “A Pullback for Spacs?”, in The New York Times DealBook‎, archived from the original on 11 December 2024, retrieved 18 November 2020:

     Perhaps more notably, they also expect 25 percent of all Spac acquisitions to be vetoed by shareholders in 2008 — which will force those Spacs to liquidate.

   • 2020 December 17, Don Stacom, “Condemning ‘cancel culture,’ New Britain Mayor Erin Stewart vetoes council vote to remove city’s Columbus statue”, in Hartford Courant‎, archived from the original on 12 December 2024:
   • 2024 January 5, Amy Harmon, “Ohio Governor Orders Restrictions on Transgender Care After Vetoing Ban”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 8 April 2024:

     Just a week after vetoing a ban on gender-affirming care for minors, Gov. Mike DeWine of Ohio issued an executive order on Friday banning gender-transition surgeries for anyone under 18 at state hospitals or ambulatory clinics.

2. (transitive) To countermand.

   Coordinate term: override

   Mom and Dad vetoed our menu preferences for the holiday meal.

アナグラム

• Tove, Vote, to've, vote

語源

Perhaps from earlier votō, from Proto-Italic *wotāō or *wotaō. The former pre-form could reflect Proto-Indo-European *woth₂-eh₂-yeti, whereas the latter pre-form would reflect *woth₂-éye-ti, whence also perhaps Welsh gwadu (“to deny”). In either case, from the root *weth₂- (“to say”). However, the Old Latin form votō might be an intentionally archaizing form that deliberately added vo- in response to the 2nd-century change of vo- > ve- before s, t, and rC. Another possibility is that it reflects a regular development of e > o after w and before a back-vowel in the following syllable (e.g. vomō). In this case, a pre-form *wet- could be reconstructed, Nevertheless, Schrijver suggests that it is more likely that the PIE pre-form contained the o-grade, as the Latin term belongs to the type domō, domāre ~ domuī ~ domitus and sonō, sonāre ~ sonuī ~ sonitus, both of which themselves might display the o-grade in the root.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwɛ.toː], [ˈwɛ.tɔ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvɛː.to]

動詞

vetō (present infinitive vetāre, perfect active vetuī, supine vetitum); first conjugation

1. to forbid, prevent, prohibit

   Synonyms: prohibeō, abdīcō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.39:

     “Quippe vetor fātīs.”

     “No doubt it is forbidden by the Fates.”
     (Juno seeks to destroy the Trojans despite the will of the Fates.)

2. to advise not to
   • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 2.20.1:

     Prāgmaticī hominēs omnibus historiīs, praeceptīs, versibus dēnique cavēre iubent et vetant crēdere.

     Prudent men in all their histories, teachings and verse besides tell us to beware and advise us not to believe.

3. to oppose, veto

   Synonyms: oppōnō, adversor, obversor, refrāgor, recūsō, repugnō, restō, resistō, officiō, subsistō, dīvertō, resistō, obstō

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Troades 334:

     Quod nōn vetat lēx, hoc vetat fierī pudor.

     What law forbids not, decency forbids be done.

Conjugation

派生した語

間投詞

vetō

1. I forbid it! I protest!

使用する際の注意点

• Used in the Senate by tribunes to oppose objectionable measures.

参照

Further reading

• “veto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “veto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “veto”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) an old proverb tells us not to..: vetamur vetere proverbio
    
  • the law orders, forbids (expressly, distinctly): lex iubet, vetat (dilucide, planissime)
    
  • (ambiguous) an old proverb tells us not to..: vetamur vetere proverbio
    
  • (ambiguous) to give up old customs: a vetere consuetudine discedere