英和和英

名詞

throwout (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 throwouts)

1. (printing) A folded sheet that opens out to one side; half a gatefold.
2. (rare) One who has been rejected by society; an outcast.
   • 1963, Fred Majdalany, State of Emergency: The Full Story of Mau Mau (page 228)

     The first category were throwouts of the Police Reserve and the prisons organization who avenged themselves on these bodies that had rejected them by inventing and spreading accusations of malpractices.

3. (US, accounting) A practice to avoid untaxed nowhere income by instead assuming the untaxed transaction is taxed in the originating state in a notional proportion to other taxable transactions.
   • 2005, LeAnn Luna, “Throwback rules, multistate corporations”, in Joseph J. Cordes; Robert D. Ebel; Jane G. Gravelle, editors, The Encyclopedia of Taxation & Tax Policy (Second Edition), The Urban Institute Press, →ISBN, LCCN 2005020901, page 436:

     Alternatively, the throwout rule, adopted by only a few states, eliminates or “throws out” sales from the denominator of the apportionment factor when sales are not taxable in the destination state.

   • 2006, Joann Martens-Weiner, chapter 4, in Company Tax Reform in the European Union: Guidance from the United States and Canada on Implementing Formulary Apportionment in the EU, Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., →ISBN, LCCN 2005933745, page 53:

     The effect of the throwback rule is to distribute income according to sales in the origin state. The effect of the throwout rule is to distribute income according to the taxpayer’s overall activities as measured by the other apportionment factors.

   • 2009, Stefan Mayer, chapter 4, in Formulary Apportionment for the Internal Market (Doctoral Series; 17), IBFD, →ISBN, ISSN 1570-7164, page 220:

     The throwout rule would have the effect of attributing the receipts concerned to the Member States in proportion to the other sales, which is not supported by the logic of the sales factor as those other Member States have not contributed to the profits associated with those gross receipts.

下位語

• (paper 工学): gatefold, pop-up

アナグラム

• outthrow, outworth