英和和英

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈθɹəʊ.bæk/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈθɹoʊ.bæk/
• ハイフネーション: throw‧back

名詞

throwback (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 throwbacks)

1. A reversion to an earlier stage of development.
   • 1986, Ronald Reagan, Presidential Radio Address - 17 May 1986:

     You see, the House of Representatives recently passed a military budget that is wholly inadequate, a throwback to the seventies, a budget that is a breach of faith with our Armed Forces and our allies and would send exactly the wrong signal to the Soviets and their satellites.

   • December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger and Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time Magazine‎^[1]:

     The man from the future where technology makes all things possible is a throwback to our glorious industrial past, before America stagnated and stopped producing anything but rules, restrictions, limits, obstacles and Facebook.

   • 2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 59:

     My next train is a throwback to earlier times. TfW is now the only operator of the old single-car Class 153s (apart from a handful of ScotRail bike-carrying conversions), and a pair of them have turned up to take me to Carmarthen.

2. (derogatory) A person considered to be primitive, uncivilized and mentally deficient.
3. An organism that has characteristics of a more primitive form.
4. An atavism.
5. A person similar to an ancestor, or something new similar to what already existed.
   • 1901, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles, Chapter 13:

     "But this is marvellous. It might be his portrait."
     "Yes, it is an interesting instance of a throwback, which appears to be both physical and spiritual. A study of family portraits is enough to convert a man to the doctrine of reincarnation. The fellow is a Baskerville—that is evident."

6. (slang, often attributive) A person or thing that evokes memories.
   • 2017 May 22, Carra, Mallory, “Celine Dion Is Making Everyone Cry”, in Bustle‎^[2], BDG Media, retrieved 2021-10-11:

     Céline Dion belted her iconic song "My Heart Will Go On" in a show-stopping performance at the 2017 Billboard Music Awards on May 21. The legendary singer gave the throwback performance in honor of the 20th anniversary of the hit song from the Titanic soundtrack.

7. (US, accounting) A practice to avoid untaxed nowhere income by instead taxing such income in the originating state for a given transaction.
   • 2005, LeAnn Luna, “Throwback rules, multistate corporations”, in Joseph J. Cordes; Robert D. Ebel; Jane G. Gravelle, editors, The Encyclopedia of Taxation & Tax Policy (Second Edition), The Urban Institute Press, →ISBN, LCCN 2005020901, page 436:

     Under the throwback rule, sales into a state where the taxpayer is not taxable are “thrown back” from the destination state to the origin state by adding the nontaxable sales to the numerator in the apportionment factor.

   • 2006, Joann Martens-Weiner, chapter 4, in Company Tax Reform in the European Union: Guidance from the United States and Canada on Implementing Formulary Apportionment in the EU, Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., →ISBN, LCCN 2005933745, page 53:

     The effect of the throwback rule is to distribute income according to sales in the origin state. The effect of the throwout rule is to distribute income according to the taxpayer’s overall activities as measured by the other apportionment factors.

   • 2009, Stefan Mayer, chapter 4, in Formulary Apportionment for the Internal Market (Doctoral Series; 17), IBFD, →ISBN, ISSN 1570-7164, page 220:

     Attributing the gross receipts to the Member State of origin (i.e. applying a throwback rule) constitutes a benefit for that state that is not justified by the rationale of the gross receipts factor.

   Coordinate terms: nowhere income, throwout

動詞

throw back (三人称単数 現在形 throws back, 現在分詞 throwing back, 過去形 threw back, 過去分詞 thrown back)

1. (transitive) To hinder the development of something.
2. (intransitive) To revert to an earlier stage of development.
   • The Century

     A large proportion of the steerage passengers throw back to their Darwinian ancestry.

3. (transitive) To retort.
   • 2011, Delores Haltom, The Stonecutter: How the Word Became Flesh, page 120:

     She jumped to her feet and began stalking away. “Going to cost me fifteen dollars to clean this outfit,” she threw back over her shoulder.

4. (transitive) To drink quickly, especially alcoholic beverages.

   We threw back drinks until the next morning.

   • 2021 July 8, James Patterson, Adam Hamdy, Private Rogue: (Private 16), Random House, →ISBN:

     “He and I used to throw back beers every now and then when I was with the Bureau.” Shaw grinned arrogantly.

5. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see throw,‎ back.

   I threw back my head and laughed uproariously.

   We caught several fish in the river but threw them back.

   • 2017, Andrew Massie, In the Shadows of My Mind, page 197:

     We all raised our glasses, threw them back. I was getting better, but I still felt the alcohol harder than Stephen ever had.

関連する語

• throwback

アナグラム

• Backworth