caedoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *kaidō, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-, *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”).

Cognates include Old High German heia (“wooden hammer”), Old Armenian խայթ (xaytʻ, “sting”) and Sanskrit खिदति (khídati, “to tear, press”) (root खिद् (khid)).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkae̯.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈt͡ʃɛː.do]
• ハイフネーション: cae‧do

動詞

caedō (present infinitive caedere, perfect active cecīdī, supine caesum); third conjugation

1. to cut, hew, fell
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 3.29:

     Caesar silvas caedere instituit

     Caesar began to cut down the woods

2. to strike, beat

   Synonyms: ferio, mulcō, tango, percutio, pello, percello, ico, discutio, pulsō, accido, affligo, impingo, verbero

3. to kill, to murder

   Synonyms: ēnecō, occīdō, interimō, cōnficiō, obtruncō, necō, percutiō, interficiō, trucīdō, iugulō, sōpiō, perimō, peragō, dēiciō, tollō, absūmō, cōnsūmō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 5.772:

     tris Eryci uitulos et Tempestatibus agnam / caedere deinde iubet soluique ex ordine funem.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. to defeat decisively (defeat with heavy losses to the enemy side)

   Synonyms: subigō, subiciō, dēvincō, vincō, ēvincō, conquestō, superō, domō, prōflīgō, obruō, exsuperō, pellō, opprimō, premō, fundō

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 26.1:

     C. Sulpicio cui Sicilia euenerat duae legiones quas P. Cornelius habuisset decretae et supplementum de exercitu Cn. Fului, qui priore anno in Apulia foede caesus fugatusque erat.

     To Gaius Sulpicius to whom Sicily was allotted two legions which Publius Cornelius had held were decided upon and reinforcements from Gnaius Fulvius’ army, which in the previous year had been shamefully defeated decisively and put to flight in Apulia

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

参照

Further reading

• “caedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “caedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “caedo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to slaughter victims: victimas (oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep) immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare
    
  • to fell trees: arbores caedere
    
  • to beat with rods: virgis caedere
    
  • to utterly rout the enemy: caedere et fundere hostem
    
  • to absolutely annihilate the enemy: hostes ad internecionem caedere, delere (Liv. 9. 26)