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語源

Borrowed from Latin anima (“a current of air, wind, air, breath, the vital principle, life, soul”), sometimes equivalent to animus (“mind”), both from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”); see animus. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”), 古期英語 anda (“anger, envy, zeal”). More at onde.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈænɪmə/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈænəmə/
• ハイフネーション: an‧i‧ma

名詞

anima (plural animas)

1. (chiefly philosophy) The soul or animating principle of a living thing, especially as contrasted with the animus. [from 10th c.]
   • 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, section XXXVIII:

     [W]e cannot chuse but admire the exceeding vividness of the governing faculty or Anima of the Insect, which is able to dispose and regulate so the motive faculties, as to cause every peculiar organ, not onely to move or act so quick, but to do it also so regularly.

2. (Jungian psychology) The inner self (not the external persona) of a person that is in touch with the unconscious as opposed to the persona. [from 20th c.]
   • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 31:

     In the Jungian model of the psyche, the male has an internalized female counterpart, the anima; while the female has an internalized masculine counterpart, the animus.

   • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:

     Dorothy is bodiless and sexless in Tintern Abbey because she is Wordsworth's Jungian anima, an internal aspect of self momentarily projected.

3. (Jungian psychology) The unconscious feminine aspect of a person. [from 20th c.]
   • "The projection-making factor is the anima, or rather the unconscious as represented by the anima."

関連する語

参照

Further reading

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “anima”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• -mania, Amina, Maina, Mania, amain, amnia, mania, aiman

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈa.nɪ.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.ni.ma]

名詞

anima f (genitive animae); first declension

1. air, breath

   Synonym: āēr

   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Timaeus 15:

     Sed cum soliditas mundo quaereretur, solida autem omnia uno medio numquam, duobus semper copulen- tur, ita contigit, ut inter ignem atque terram aquam deus animamque poneret eaque inter se conpararet et proportione coniungeret, ut, quem ad modum ignis animae, sic anima aquae, quodque anima aquae, id aqua terrae proportione redderet.

     But since solidity was needed for the world, and solids never are coupled by means of one thing, but always of two, so it has been contingent, that between fire and earth god put water and air, and made these things answer to each other and conjoined them by proportion, so that, in what wise fire to air, thus air to water, and what air to water, that by proportion water would render to earth.

   • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 1.19:

     ...animum autem alii animam, ut fere nostri; declarat nomen: [...] Zenoni Stoico animus ignis videtur.

     ...some would have the mind to be air, which is about what our people do; the name makes it evident: [...] The Stoic Zeno thinks that the mind is fire.

2. life, ghost
3. (philosophy, Christianity) soul
   • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Lucam 1:46:

     Magnificat anima mea Dominum.

     My soul doth magnify the Lord.

語形変化

First-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -īs or dative/ablative plural in -ābus).

派生語

• anima mundī
• animula

関連する語

派生した語

語源 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

動詞

animā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of animō

参照

• “anima”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “anima”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "anima", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “anima”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    
  • to hold one's breath: animam continere
    
  • to give up the ghost: animam edere or efflare
    
  • to be at one's last gasp: animam agere
    
  • (ambiguous) to weary, bore the reader: languorem, molestiam legentium animis afferre
    
  • (ambiguous) to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
    
  • (ambiguous) Nature has implanted in all men the idea of a God: natura in omnium animis notionem dei impressit (N. D. 1. 16. 43)