英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 pichfork, pycchefork, pychforke, pikeforke, pikkforke, pic-forcke, equivalent to pitch (verb) +‎ fork (i.e. "a fork used for pitching or throwing material, like hay"). The figurative sense (noun sense 4) is an allusion to a crowd of farmers wielding their farm tools as weapons.

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɪt͡ʃˌfɔɹk/
• ハイフネーション: pitch‧fork

名詞

pitchfork (plural pitchforks)

1. An agricultural hand tool comprising a fork with sparse, light tines, attached to a long handle, used for pitching hay (especially loose hay) high up onto a stack (as on a wagon or haystack, or into a haymow).

   Hypernyms: fork < tool

   Coordinate terms: dungfork, manure fork, graip; digging fork, spading fork, garden fork

2. A similar fork with slightly more and heavier tines, used for mucking stalls and pitching soiled bedding into a wagon or manure spreader.

   Synonyms: dungfork, manure fork, graip (Scots and Scottish English)

   Hypernyms: fork < tool

   Coordinate terms: digging fork, spading fork, garden fork

   • 1979, Nellie Eileen Musson, Mind the Onion Seed: Black "roots" Bermuda: Presented During Bermuda's First Heritage Week, May, 1979:

     After my second illness, being too old for “piggy-back rides”, I generally sat in 'Resting Nuke' on a seat naturally formed in a low branch of a cedar, watching relatives down in the bay with pitchforks furiously digging out long black slithery "cockworms" from the muddy sands of Sinky Bay.

3. (casual, loosely) Any fork used for farm labor, even a digging fork (but such usage is often considered ignorant by experienced farmers).

   Hypernyms: fork < tool

   Hyponyms: dungfork, manure fork, graip; digging fork, spading fork, garden fork

4. (in the plural, figurative, metonymic) An angry mob; the power or effects of such a mob.

   The city council was facing the pitchforks once the public had realized what the new ordinance entailed.

5. (rare) A tuning fork.
   • 1988, Tony Trischka, Pete Wernick, Masters of the 5-String Banjo: In Their Own Words and Music, page 400:

     I went around with a pitchfork [tuning fork] in my pocket, and I'd hit it whenever I thought of it, and I developed perfect pitch […]

派生語

動詞

pitchfork (third-person singular simple present pitchforks, present participle pitchforking, simple past and past participle pitchforked)

1. (transitive) To toss or carry with a pitchfork.

   The hay was soon pitchforked onto the wagon.

2. (transitive, figurative) To throw suddenly.

   Synonyms: hurl, pitch

   • 1925, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, The Parliamentary Debates, Official Report:

     We have taken an age-old country, and we have suddenly, in 30 years, pitchforked it into the middle of the factory system.

Further reading

• Category:pitchfork on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons