出典:Wiktionary
From Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).
Compare Proto-Slavic *-tъ, Proto-Germanic *-daz, *-taz.
-tus (feminine -ta, neuter -tum); first/second-declension suffix
Verb stems may be modified by the attachment of this suffix in certain predictable or unpredictable ways:
Noun stems generally do not exhibit these modifications; there are some adjectives ending in -stus that originate from s-stem nouns, such as onustus, scelestus, but overall the suffix is rarely found attached directly to a consonant-final noun stem. Most derivatives in -tus from nouns include a long vowel before the -t-, which may in some cases originate partly or wholly from the final vowel of the stem (for example, barbātus from barba かつ aurītus from auris[1]), but which at least eventually was subject to reanalysis as part of the suffix; see -ātus, -ītus, -ūtus.
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | -tus | -ta | -tum | -tī | -tae | -ta | |
Genitive | -tī | -tae | -tī | -tōrum | -tārum | -tōrum | |
Dative | -tō | -tō | -tīs | ||||
Accusative | -tum | -tam | -tum | -tōs | -tās | -ta | |
Ablative | -tō | -tā | -tō | -tīs | |||
Vocative | -te | -ta | -tum | -tī | -tae | -ta |
From Proto-Italic *-tus, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots).
Compare Proto-Germanic *-þuz, Ancient Greek -τύς (-tús), Proto-Slavic *-tu (whence Czech -tí).
-tus m (genitive -tūs); fourth declension
The verb stem undergoes the same modifications as for the participle suffix; see -sus.
Fourth-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -tus | -tūs |
Genitive | -tūs | -tuum |
Dative | -tuī | -tibus |
Accusative | -tum | -tūs |
Ablative | -tū | -tibus |
Vocative | -tus | -tūs |
From Proto-Indo-European *-tuHts (abstract-noun forming suffix). Compare Proto-Celtic *-tūss, Gothic - (-dūþs). See -tās.
-tūs f (genitive -tūtis); third declension
Same as for the participle suffix.
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -tūs | -tūtēs |
Genitive | -tūtis | -tūtum |
Dative | -tūtī | -tūtibus |
Accusative | -tūtem | -tūtēs |
Ablative | -tūte | -tūtibus |
Vocative | -tūs | -tūtēs |
From Proto-Italic *-tos. Compare Ancient Greek -τός (-tós), found in the adverb ἐντός (entós, “within”), and Sanskrit -तस् (-tas), found as an ablatival ending in अतस् (átas), अग्रतस् (agratás).[2]