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Wiktionary英語版

出典:Wiktionary

-tus

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).

Compare Proto-Slavic *-tъ, Proto-Germanic *-daz, *-taz.

発音

接尾辞

-tus (feminine -ta, neuter -tum); first/second-declension suffix

  1. Forms the past participle of verbs.
  2. Forms adjectives having the sense "provided with".
    iūs (law, legality; equity, the right, justice)iūstus (lawful, legal; equitable, rightful, just)
    onus (a burden または load, especially one excessive in magnitude)onustus (burdened”, “heavily laden”, “overencumbered by a load)
使用する際の注意点

Verb stems may be modified by the attachment of this suffix in certain predictable or unpredictable ways:

  1. errō (errā-) (wander) + ‎-tus → ‎errātus , ‎audiō (audī-) (hear) + ‎-tus → ‎audītus
  2. moneō (monē-) (advise,remind) + ‎-tus → ‎monitus
  3. augeō (augē-) (increase) + ‎-tus → ‎auctus

Noun stems generally do not exhibit these modifications; there are some adjectives ending in -stus that originate from s-stem nouns, such as onustus, scelestus, but overall the suffix is rarely found attached directly to a consonant-final noun stem. Most derivatives in -tus from nouns include a long vowel before the -t-, which may in some cases originate partly or wholly from the final vowel of the stem (for example, barbātus from barba かつ aurītus from auris[1]), but which at least eventually was subject to reanalysis as part of the suffix; see -ātus, -ītus, -ūtus.

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative -tus -ta -tum -tī -tae -ta
Genitive -tī -tae -tī -tōrum -tārum -tōrum
Dative -tō -tō -tīs
Accusative -tum -tam -tum -tōs -tās -ta
Ablative -tō -tā -tō -tīs
Vocative -te -ta -tum -tī -tae -ta
派生語
Latin terms suffixed with -tus (adjective)

語源 2

From Proto-Italic *-tus, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots).

Compare Proto-Germanic *-þuz, Ancient Greek -τύς (-tús), Proto-Slavic *-tu (whence Czech -tí).

発音

接尾辞

-tus m (genitive -tūs); fourth declension

  1. Forms action nouns from verbs.
    cadō + ‎-tus → ‎cāsus
    habeō (I have, possess, have on, carry, wear) + ‎-tus → ‎habitus (a state または condition of being, physical character, demeanour, style of dress)
    sūmō (I spend [time, effort, money, etc.]) + ‎-tus → ‎sūmptus (expenditure)
使用する際の注意点

The verb stem undergoes the same modifications as for the participle suffix; see -sus.

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative -tus -tūs
Genitive -tūs -tuum
Dative -tuī -tibus
Accusative -tum -tūs
Ablative -tū -tibus
Vocative -tus -tūs
派生語
Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)

語源 3

From Proto-Indo-European *-tuHts (abstract-noun forming suffix). Compare Proto-Celtic *-tūss, Gothic -�������� (-dūþs). See -tās.

発音

接尾辞

-tūs f (genitive -tūtis); third declension

  1. Forms collective/abstract nouns from adjectives or other nouns.
    iuvenis (young, a young man)iuventūs (the young, young men collectively; the period または qualities of youthful manhood, youth)
    senex (an old man)senectūs (old men collectively; the period または condition of old age)
使用する際の注意点

Same as for the participle suffix.

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative -tūs -tūtēs
Genitive -tūtis -tūtum
Dative -tūtī -tūtibus
Accusative -tūtem -tūtēs
Ablative -tūte -tūtibus
Vocative -tūs -tūtēs
派生語
Latin terms suffixed with -tus (abstract noun)

語源 4

From Proto-Italic *-tos. Compare Ancient Greek -τός (-tós), found in the adverb ἐντός (entós, within), and Sanskrit -तस् (-tas), found as an ablatival ending in अतस् (átas), अग्रतस् (agratás).[2]

別の表記

発音

接尾辞

-tus (not comparable)

  1. -ly; used to form adverbs.
同意語

参考

Latin terms suffixed with -tus (adverb)

参照

  1. ^ Pike, Moss (2011) Latin -tās and Related Forms[1]. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles. Page 37
  2. ^ Rosén, H. (2007). "A Latin adverbialization: -(i)tus from separative-locative to manner adverb." Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics, 120, 215–230. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40849301

tus

発音

名詞

tūs n (genitive tūris); third declension

  1. Alternative spelling of thūs

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tūs tūra
Genitive ris rum
Dative tūrī tūribus
Accusative tūs tūra
Ablative tūre tūribus
Vocative tūs tūra

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