英和和英

語源

Borrowed from Latin umbra (“shadow”). Doublet of umber.

発音

• enPR: ŭmʹbrə, IPA: /ˈʌmbɹə/
• 韻: -ʌmbɹə
• ハイフネーション: um‧bra

名詞

umbra (plural umbras or umbrae or (obsolete) umbræ)

1. The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object.
   1. (astronomy) The area on the earth or moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse.
2. (astronomy) The central region of a sunspot.
3. (chiefly literary) A shadow.
4. (archaic) An uninvited guest brought along by one who was invited.
5. One of the family Umbridae of mudminnows.
6. One of genus Umbrina of drums (family Sciaenidae).
7. (mathematics) An element of the umbral calculus.
   • 2009, Ernesto Damiani, Ottavio D'Antona, Vincenzo Marra, From Combinatorics to Philosophy: The Legacy of G.-C. Rota, (page 113)#:

     In order to set up such an algorithm, we need the notion of multiplicative inverse of an umbra. Two umbrae are said to be multiplicative inverse to each other when αγ ≡ u.

等位語

• antumbra
• penumbra

派生語

アナグラム

• Burma, rumba

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈʊm.bra]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈum.bra]

名詞

umbra f (genitive umbrae); first declension

1. shadow
   1. (figurative, by extension) shade, shady place, shadowy place
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 12.513:

        nudus Arboris Othrys erat nec habebat Pelion umbras

        Mount Othrys is devoid of trees; Mount Pelion does not have shade

      • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.88-90:

        Umbra loco deerat: qua postquam parte resedit dis genitus vates et fila sonantia movit, umbra loco venit.

        There was no shade there; but, when the poet—born of the god—sat down and moved the strings of his lyre, shade came to that spot.

2. shade, ghost, phantom, apparition
3. (plural) the realm of shades, the shades, the world below or underworld
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.25-26:

     “[...] vel Pater omnipotēns adigat mē fulmine ad umbrās,
     pallentīs umbrās Erebī noctemque profundam, [...].”

     “[...] or the Father almighty hurl me with his thunderbolt to the shades, the pallid shades and boundless night of Erebus [...].”
     (That is, the Underworld, or land of the dead. The repetition is an example of epanalepsis.)

4. imperfect copy or representation of something, pretence, faint appearance
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Pro Murena 6.13:

     in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas?

     You think you shall find even a shadow of luxury in that man?

5. shelter, cover
6. leisure, rest
7. drumfish

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

関連する語

• umbrātiō

派生した語

参照

• “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “umbra”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
    
• “umbra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers