英和和英

別の表記

• brella (clipping), humbrella (archaic), ombrella (obsolete), umbrello (obsolete), umbreller (dated)

語源

Borrowed from Italian ombrella (“parasol, sunshade”), from Late Latin umbrella (influenced by umbra (“shadow, shade”)), from Latin umbella, from umbra +‎ -la (diminutive suffix).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/
• (Southern 米国発音) IPA: /ˈʌm.bɹɛl.ə/
• ハイフネーション: um‧brel‧la
• 韻: -ɛlə

名詞

umbrella (plural umbrellas)

1. A cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun.

   Synonym: brelly (chiefly UK, diminutive)

   Meronyms: runner, rib, canopy, stretcher

   Quick, grab that umbrella before you get rained on!

   • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:

     There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

   • 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 197:

     When the [lost property] office first opened, the most frequently lost items were umbrellas. Every white-collar professional carried one, but despite, or because of, that they were easily forgotten about. […] In the 1930s, a quarter of a million umbrellas a year came into the office. Now it's more like 10,000.

2. (figurative) Anything that provides similar protection.

   The fighters provide a defensive air umbrella over the battle group.

3. (figurative) Anything that provides similar overarching coverage of a range of concepts, purposes, groups, etc.

   The test facility was established under the umbrella of the company's quality program.

4. (ice hockey) A strategy in which five players in the offensive zone form an umbrella-shaped formation around the opposition's goal net.
5. The main body of a jellyfish, excluding the tentacles.

   Jellyfish are composed of more than 90% water and most of their umbrella mass is made up of gelatinous material.

6. (photography, television) An umbrella-shaped reflector with a white or silvery inner surface, used to diffuse a nearby light.
   • 2014, Michael Allen, Modern Wedding Photography, page 97:

     Using umbrellas for shooting a wedding party is ok, but not necessary.

同意語

• (cloth-covered frame used as protection from the elements): chatta (India); chatra (royal & religious symbol in South & East Asia); rainshade, parapluie (uncommon); gamp (dated, colloquial); bumbershoot, umbershoot (obsolete US slang); rain napper (obsolete UK slang)

下位語

• (cloth-covered frame used as protection from the elements): parasol (sun protection)

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: ambrela
• → Igbo: mbalarị
• → Welsh: ymbarél
• → Yoruba: ọ̀bùrẹ́là
• → Tok Pisin: ambrela

参考

Further reading

• “umbrella”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “umbrella”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

動詞

umbrella (third-person singular simple present umbrellas, present participle umbrellaing, simple past and past participle umbrellaed)

1. (transitive) To cover or protect, as if by an umbrella.
   • 1944, Emily Carr, “Life Loves Living”, in The House of All Sorts‎:

     Experts with saws and ladders came and lopped off the lower branches. This sent the tree's growth rushing violently to her head in a lush overhanging which umbrellaed the House of All Sorts.

   • 2008, Jonathan Kellerman, Bad Love: Alex Delaware 8:

     Huge pine and eucalyptus umbrellaed the grounds, airconditioning the morning.

2. (intransitive) To form the dome shape of an open umbrella.
   • 2011, B. A. Rothwell, The Peaceful Queen, page 31:

     Bright yellow gowns fit them tightly and umbrellaed from their waist to just below the knees.

3. (intransitive) To move like a jellyfish.
   • 1997, National Geographic Traveler, page 36:

     The light catches the filigreed tendrils and graceful motion of the jellies, their orange bodies umbrella-ing along like fairy parasols come to life.

アナグラム

• umbellar