税収期の英語

9世紀後期に至って律令制的な人民支配・租税収取に限界が生じたため、10世紀初頭より、地方政治への大幅な統治委任や個別人身支配から土地課税原則への方針転換が進められた。例文帳に追加

As the limitation of people-based governance/tax collection under the Ritsuryo system became clear in the late 9th century, policy changes, such as substantial delegation of authority to local administrative bodies and the switch from the principle of people-based governance to the principle of tax on land, were implemented in early 10th century.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

すでに9世紀後期の頃から、実際に租税収取を担当する地方行政の現場では、戸籍・計帳を基盤に置いた課税方式が後退し、土地に対する課税が積極的に行われる傾向にあった。例文帳に追加

As early as from the late 9th century, local administrative bodies, which were actually in charge of tax collection, tended to impose tax on land rather than collecting it based on family registration/keicho.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

財政収支は、1990年代を通じて、政府の財政出動、社会保障関連費用の増加、長期にわたる景気低迷や減税実施等による税収の減少によって財政赤字となっている（第1-1-34図）。例文帳に追加

Public finances were in deficit throughout the 1990s due to fiscal stimulus measures by the government, an increase in social security-related costs, long-term economic stagnation and tax reduction measures (Fig.1.1.34). - 経済産業省

9世紀中期～10世紀頃になると、従来の律令制（編戸制・班田制など）による統治に限界が見られるようになり、中央政府は租税収入を確保するため、社会の実情に即した国制改革を進めた。例文帳に追加

From the mid 9th century to the 10th century, the conventional administration based on the ritsuryo system (such as henko-sei, the organization of the citizens, and handen-sei, the ritsuryo land-allotment system) faced its organizational limit, and the central government promoted a nation-wide reform of the system to reflect the actual social situations in order to maintain the level of the tax revenue.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

こうした状況下で、朝廷は実情に適合した国政改革を進めていき（改革が最も進展したのは900年前後の寛平・延喜期）、地方行政の分野では、国司筆頭官（受領）に対して租税収取権・軍事権などの大幅な権限委譲が行われた。例文帳に追加

Under such a situation, the imperial court practically advanced national administration reform (the reform culminated during the Kanpyo and the Engi period around 900) and authority such as the right of tax collection, military affairs and so on were widely transferred to the leaders of kokushi (zuryo) in the local administration.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

11世紀中期の一国平均役によって、朝廷・国衙の事業に必要な経費分だけが徴税される税制に変更されていくと、貯蔵すべき税収の余剰が出る余地も失われたために、不動穀は制度的な根拠を失って事実上消滅してしまったとされている。例文帳に追加

In the middle of the 11th century Ikkoku Heikin Yaku (flat rate tax imposed from time to time) was introduced and tax system was changed so as to collect the tax just to cover the expenses required for the affairs of the Imperial court and its provincial offices; this change removed the possibility of having a tax income surplus to be stored; it is said that due to this loss of basis in the tax system, fudokoku virtually disappeared.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、長期的に見れば、生産の機会が失われた二産業に雇用されていた人たちによる消費、これら産業による設備投資や支払われていた税収を財源とする政府支出が減少するといった、目立たず、評価されにくい間接的な影響も生じる。例文帳に追加

To evaluate this from a “macro-perspective,” however, production inducement to one or two industries among three industries is lost, and matters such as a decline in employment and tax revenues are perceived. - 経済産業省

鎌倉時代初期においては、国衙領や荘園に守護人奉行（のちの守護）や地頭の影響力はそれほど及んでいなかったが、鎌倉中期以降、国衙領・荘園の税収入効率ないし領地そのものがこれらに急激に侵食されはじめると、陰陽師の保護基盤である朝廷・公家勢力は経済的にも苦境を迎えるようになっていった。例文帳に追加

During the early Kamakura Period, the authority of shugonin bugyo (subsequently shugo) or jito over kokugaryo (state-owned land) and shoen (manor) was not so conspicuous, but after the mid Kamakura Period, as the tax revenue efficiency of the state-owned land and shoen or properties themselves began to be rapidly eaten away by these people, the Imperial Court and court nobles, who were the protection basis of onmyoji, started to experience financial difficulties.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス