Adversusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Perfect passive participle of advertō (“to turn toward”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [adˈwɛr.sʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [adˈvɛr.sus]

Participle

adversus (feminine adversa, neuter adversum, superlative adversissimus); first/second-declension participle

1. set opposite, adverse, having been set against.

   Synonym: dīversus

   Nē Herculēs quidem adversus duōs.

   Not even Hercules fights against two.

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.15:

     adversa pugna

     The defeated battle

2. turned toward, having been turned toward.
3. hostile

   Synonyms: āversus, hostīlis, inimīcus, īnfēnsus, īnfestus, oblīquus, dīversus, inīquus

   Antonyms: affābilis, amīcābilis, facilis, benevolēns

   • 98 AD, Publius Cornelius Tacitus, De origine et situ Germanorum, capitulum II:

     …et inmensus ultra utque sic dixerim adversus Oceanus raris ab orbe nostro navibus aditur.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     …and the boundless and, so to speak, hostile ocean beyond us, is seldom entered by a sail from our world.

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

前置詞

adversus (+ accusative)

1. facing, opposite
2. (direction) towards
3. (hostility) against
4. in comparison with

派生した語

参照

• “adversus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “adversus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "adversus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “adversus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • misfortune, adversity: res adversae, afflictae, perditae
    
  • (ambiguous) against the stream; upstream: flumine adverso
    
  • (ambiguous) to have favourable, contrary, winds: ventis secundis, adversis uti
    
  • (ambiguous) misfortune, adversity: fortuna adversa
    
  • (ambiguous) to struggle with adversity: conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna
    
  • (ambiguous) to attack the enemy in the front: adversis hostibus occurrere
    
  • (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera (cicatrices) adversa (opp. aversa)
    
  • (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera adverso corpore accepta
    
• Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti