et Hとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• -th

発音

• IPA: /-əθ/, /ɪθ/

• There is some evidence that verbs written with this ending in Early Modern English were pronounced as if they ended in -s, which was common in speech before becoming common in writing. Alternatively (or in addition to the former) the Northumbrian dialect of Old English's third-person singular present indicative suffix, -s, may have eventually displaced the -eth suffix.

接尾辞

-eth

1. (archaic) Used to form the third-person singular present indicative of verbs.

   Pride goeth before a fall... The good Lord giveth and the good Lord taketh away...

2. (humorous) Used broadly with various verb forms for ironic pseudoarchaic or pseudoecclesiastical effect.

   Hark, the assistant manager doth emaileth ye... But thou saideth!... Rolling a natural 20, he killedeth the kobolds... Verily, I am shooketh...

等位語

• -est, -st

参考

• -e (pseudoarchaic)

語源 2

From 中期英語 -th, -eth, -the, -ethe, from 古期英語 -þa, -þe, -oþa, from Proto-Germanic *-þô, *-tô, *-udô, *-dô, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.

接尾辞

-eth

1. used to create ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers ending in -y, namely the multiples of ten (other than ten itself): 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90; e.g. twentieth, thirtieth.

派生語

アナグラム

• het, the, EHT, Teh, HET, the-, TEH, teh

別の表記

• -et, -eþ, -it, -ith, -yt, -yth, -yþ
• -th, -þ (especially Late Middle English); -ot, -oth, -oþ, -ut, -uth, -uþ (Southwestern, West Midland)

発音

• IPA: /-əθ/

接尾辞

-eth (Central and South Midland, Kent, Southern)

1. Used to form the third-person singular present indicative of verbs (other than preterite-presents).

使用する際の注意点

• After the Early Middle English period, this suffix almost entirely supplants earlier -t, -th in strong and class 1 weak verbs over in the Central and Southeast Midlands and increasingly becomes an alternative option to that suffix elsewhere. However, a countervailing tendency to syncopate the vowel of this suffix operates, especially in Later Middle English and after vowel-final verb stems; the suffix's reflex usually retains it in the Early Modern orthoepists (writers on pronunciation), though this may be because it had largely been supplanted by -s in everyday speech.
• This suffix has been almost entirely supplanted by -es in Northern Middle English even in the earliest surviving records; it is only slightly more frequent in North Midland Middle English. This replacement gradually diffuses southwards over the course of the Middle English period.

派生した語

• English: -eth, -th (archaic)
• → Middle Scots: -eth, -ith (literary, under Chaucerian influence)

参照

語源 2

Originally proper to the class 1 weak verbs; inherited from 古期英語 -aþ, from a generalisation of the Proto-West Germanic third-person singular Proto-West Germanic *-anþ, from Proto-Germanic *-anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *-eyónti, *-yónti; for descendants of -iaþ, see -ieth.

In central East Midland and northern East Anglian 中期英語, possibly instead an analogical formation from Etymology 1 modelled after the Northern and North Midland use of -es as a present indicative third-person singular and plural.

別の表記

• -eþ, -ith, -uth, -uþ, -yth, -yþ

発音

• IPA: /-əθ/

接尾辞

-eth (Central and Southwest Midland, East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent, Southern)

1. Used to form the present indicative and imperative plural of verbs.

使用する際の注意点

• In the central East Midlands and northern East Anglia, verbs take -en, -e instead of this suffix when a personal pronoun functioning as a subject is immediately adjacent to them due to the analogy of the Northern Subject Rule (this pattern of usage is why an analogical derivation from Etymology 1 has been posited for these areas).

派生した語

• English: -eth, -th (dialectal, obsolete)
• → Middle Scots: -eth, -ith (literary, under Chaucerian influence)

参照

語源 3

接尾辞

-eth

1. alternative form of -the (abstract nominal suffix)

語源 4

接尾辞

-eth

1. alternative form of -the (ordinal suffix)