英和和英

別の表記

• crawfish
• craifish, crafish, crefish (obsolete)
• crevis (dialectal), crevyssh (obsolete)

語源

Alteration (by folk etymological influence of fish) of 中期英語 crevis (whence modern dialectal crevis), from Old French crevice ("crayfish"; > Modern French: écrevisse), from Frankish *krebitja (“crayfish”), diminutive of Frankish *krebit (“crab”), from Proto-Germanic *krabitaz (“crab, cancer”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-, *grebʰ- (“to scratch, crawl”), or from a substrate word folk-etymologically influenced by this root.

Akin to Old High German krebiz (Modern German Krebs (“crustacean, crab, crayfish”)), Middle Low German krēvet (“crab, crayfish”), Dutch kreeft (“crayfish, lobster”), 古期英語 crabba (“crab”). More at crab.

Doublet of crevette, crevis, and Krebs.

発音

• IPA: /ˈkɹeɪˌfɪʃ/

名詞

crayfish (plural crayfishes or crayfish)

1. Any of numerous freshwater decapod crustaceans in superfamily Astacoidea or Parastacoidea, resembling the related lobster but usually much smaller.
   1. (New England, Pennsylvania, Upper Midwestern US) A freshwater crustacean (family Cambaridae), sometimes used as an inexpensive seafood or as fish bait.
2. (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) A rock lobster (family Palinuridae).
3. (Australia) A freshwater crayfish (family Parastacidae), such as the gilgie, marron, or yabby.
4. (Singapore) The species Thenus orientalis of the slipper lobster family (Scyllaridae).

使用する際の注意点

• Within the US, the term crayfish predominated in the region of New England and in New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. In much of the United States—in the South, especially in Louisiana and Texas; in the Midwest and in the West—crawfish predominated. In a belt stretching across Kentucky through Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma, and in Oregon and northern California, the term crawdad predominated. Over the course of the 21st century, crawdad and crayfish have declined in the US in favor of crawfish.

同意語

• (freshwater crustaceans): crawdad, crawldad, crawfish, crawlfish, mudbug, yabby (Australia)
• (slipper lobster): Moreton Bay bug (Australia)

派生語

動詞

crayfish (third-person singular simple present crayfishes, present participle crayfishing, simple past and past participle crayfished)

1. (intransitive) To catch crayfish.
2. Alternative spelling of crawfish (to backpedal, desert, or withdraw).

参考

• lobster
• prawn
• shrimp
• yabby

参照

Further reading

• crayfish on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “crayfish”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.