英和和英

名詞

caudation (複数形 caudations)

1. The property of having a caudate extension or tail.
   • 1852, The Literary World - Volume 10, page 69:

     In the meantime, while the daily newspapers of New York are talking over their "Aztec race" the Academy of Sciences at Paris has its grave announcement in a communication from M. de Castelnan, a duplicate of which we find in the Bulletic of the 'Socièté de Geographie respecting the NIAM-NIAMS, a people of Central Africa, to the southwest of the Lake Tchad, a people of whom there have been some scattered rumors before, suggesting to a modern Monboddo a " theory of caudation," in fact a people wearing indisputable natural tails.

   • 1887, Roland Trimen, James Henry Bowker, South-African Butterflies: A Monograph of the Extra-tropical Species:

     There is a slight approach in several examples (of both sexes) to caudation of the hind-wing on first median nervule and submedian nervure, and in specimens from Delagoa Bay (two males, three females) this tendency is more pronounced.

   • 1955, Journal of Paleontology - Volume 29, page 626:

     Its distinguishing features, such as alation, hingement, posterior caudation, etc., are also found in other subfamilies of Cytheridae.

   • 1890, George Frederick Leycester Marshall, Lionel de Nicéville, The Butterflies of India, Burmah and Ceylon:

     the Amblypodia group presents a more or less elongated form of hindwing with some variety in the shape and caudation ;

   • 1895, Charles Reade, It is Never Too Late to Mend - Volume 2, page 234:

     Crawley, who what with the habit of cerebral hallucination due to brandy and the present flutter of his spirits and his conscience, had for a moment or two lost all landmarks of probability, no sooner felt his hand encounter a tail — slight in size, but stiff as a pug's, and straight as a pointer's —than he uttered a dismal howl, and it is said that for a single moment he really suspected premature caudation had been inflicted on him for his crimes.

2. A caudate extension or tail.
   • 1861, John Barclay (of Leicester, Eng.), Ale, wine, spirits, and tobacco, page 59:

     The fox, as in the old fable, has lost his tail, and must needs go about now most disinterestedly preaching that everybody else, who find their tails very useful, must submit to de-caudation, and because he has got the gout, must not use the bounties of God in moderation.

   • 1906, Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club - Volumes 13-14, page 371:

     Thin; most leaves incurved-acuminate into a straight caudation; radicals various, large and long, broad and small, regular or lop-sided, their teeth big and remotish or very remote.

   • 1934, Monographs of the National research institute of geology, page 86:

     Polypary minute and tapering ; about 1 cm. in length, having a very narrow proximal portion which is protracted so as to form a long caudation;

   • 1951, Botanical Series - Volume 13, Issues 1-2, page 132:

     Apparently nearest A. subandina Ule with longer petioles and paniculate inflorescence (Johnston) and the almost filiform caudation is sometimes nearly 3 cm. long.

3. (medicine) A fibrous growth.
   • 1861, William Braithwaite, The Retrospect of Medicine:

     In acute cases they are rapidly produced, make scarcely an attempt at development, and die off with rapidity; in schirrus they are formed more slowly, and in much smaller numbers, live longer, and make some attempt at caudation, but they are still farther removed in form from the typical cell of healthy tissues.

   • 1864, Maurice Henry Collis, On the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and the Tumours Analogous to it, page 163:

     The caudation or fibrous tendency and the regularity of arrangement is greater than in cancer.

   • 1876, Joseph Jones, Medical and Surgical Memoirs, →ISBN, page 250:

     The blood-vessels ( capillaries), were greatly increased in size, with thickened walls, to which colorless caudations and spindle-shaped corpuscles were attached.

   • 1889, Julius Cohnheim, Lectures on General Pathology: The pathology of nutrition, page 591:

     Not only is the croupous pseudo-membrane which projects above the surface of the mucosa in greater part a fibrinous exudation, but the caudation also participates very essentially in the formation of the diphtheritic material deposited in the mucosa.

4. (writing) A section appended to the end of a word, line, or poem.
   • 1978, Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics - Volumes 11-12:

     To make it a bit easier to follow, each added letter is underlined, and insertions/hydrations/ caudations are parenthesized.

   • 1996, Language and Literature - Volume 21, page 102:

     As with the voice, this physicality is natural and flexible, a background of four-beat lines, grouped into four five-line stanzas (a central section flanked by anacrusis かつ caudation) with occasional moves to five- or six- beat lines, and occasional catalexis ("unrealized"/"silent" beats), always at stanzaic ends.

5. (writing) The addition of a caudation.
   • 1893, The National Stenographer - Volume 4, page 210:

     There is no adequate reporting system in use that can afford to treat words otherwise than as Hamlet's mother treated her heart, "cleave them in twain and fling away the basser half;" but in script the "baser half" in variably the final portion, and we get in the sentences of the curt style a jumble of inchoate nouns, paraplegic verbs and amputated adjectives, truncated of their tails and dependent each for its re-caudation on the accurate re-cordation (ahem !) of an equally deficient context.

   • 1956, Louis Lavater, The Sonnet in Australasia, a Survey and Selection:

     But besides these examples there are two other ways of expanding the sonnet; by doubling and by caudation.

   • 1956, Meanjin - Volume 15, page 309:

     In it, aided by diagrams and equations, you can learn of caudation and lateral expansion, doubling and interlacing.