租税体系の英語

9世紀～10世紀ごろ、律令制の解体にともなって、律令上の租税体系である租庸調制も次第に崩壊し、官物・雑役へと変質していった。例文帳に追加

Around the 9th or 10th century, the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and the Soyocho tax system collapsed and as a result, the taxes due changed into kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and zatsueki (odd-job tasks).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

年貢は、官物、ひいては田租に由来しており、荘園租税体系の中心に位置する税目であり、現地の下級荘園領主（開発領主や荘官など）が上級領主へ納入すべき税目であった。例文帳に追加

The nengu came from kanmotsu, eventually denso (rice field tax), and became central items of taxation in the land tax system for shoens and the item of taxation that were paid to high grade lords of the manor by local low grade lords of the manor (kaihatsu-ryoshu (local notables who actually developed the land) or shokan (an officer governing shoen (manor))).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

公認化された荘園の領主は、田地の地子（じし）（賃租料）に加え、租庸調、庸や徭役にあたる公事（くじ）も徴収し、同様に公領においても租税体系は一本化した。例文帳に追加

The certified shoen lords collected Soyocho (a tax system, corvee), yo (tax in kind) and yoeki (corvee under Ritsuryo system) in addition to jishi (land tax) on rice fields, and similarly in koryo the taxation system was consolidated.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

租・調(律令制)・庸および雑徭、出挙、交易などからなる律令租税体系は10世紀から11世紀中期にかけて、米納を中心とする官物（かんもつ）と、夫役・雑物からなる雑役（ぞうえき）といった２つの体系に移行していった。例文帳に追加

Around the tenth to mid-eleventh century, the Ritsuryo Taxation System of So (rice tax), Cho (tributes [Ritsuryo system]), Yo (labor) and zoyo (irregular corvee), suiko (government loans), kyoyaku (trading tributes) changed into Kanmotsu, which was basically paid in rice, and Zoeki, consisting of Buyaku (labor service) and Zatsumotsu (tributes).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

由来は平安時代中期に行われた庸や調に替わる朝廷からの臨時の賦課であったが、荘園公領制の確立とともに荘園・公領・座などでも徴収されるようになり、太閤検地による新たな租税体系確立まで続いた。例文帳に追加

It derived from the provisional imposition by the Imperial Court replacing yo or cho of Heian period, but along with the establishment of shoen koryo sei (manor and public land system), it began to be collected even in manor, public land and za, which continued until the establishment of a new taxation system by taiko kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

政務における公事の一環としての年中行事が整備されてきたのと同じ平安時代中期には、租庸調・雑徭を基本とする律令制の租税体系が解体したため、公事を含めた朝廷の運営費用は諸国の国司である受領が負担を請負う図式となった。例文帳に追加

In the mid Heian period when annual events became organized as a part of kuji in the political affairs, the taxation system of the ritsuryo system fell apart, so the management cost of the Imperial Court including kuji became to be borne by zuryo (provincial governor) who were kokushi.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、年貢を納める「年貢地」と公事を納める「公事地」に分けて賦課する方法も行われるようになったが、太閤検地によって公事の賦課の権限及び公事地の存在は否定され、年貢の米納を中心とした租税体系に移行することになった。例文帳に追加

Also, a method separately imposing 'nenguji' that was paid with nengu and 'kujiji' that was paid with kuji began to be applied, but power of imposition kuji had as well as existence of kujiji were denied by Taiko kenchi (Hideyoshi Toyotomi's nationwide land survey), then it turned to be a taxation system mainly paying with rice.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

中世において成立した収取体制においては、雑役系の公事・夫役は名田を収取単位として租税の賦課が行われていたが、名田が十分に確立されていない地域や供御人・神人など荘園・公領の支配体系に属しない人々（主に非農業民）から公事・夫役を収取するために在家を単位として賦課したのである。例文帳に追加

Under the tax collection system established in the Medieval period taxes relating to public duties and labor services, which were kinds of zoyaku (odd-jobs tasks), were assessed for myoden (rice field lots) as a collection unit; on the other hand, taxes relating to public duties and labor services were collected in regions where myoden had not sufficiently established or from people who did not belong to the ruling system of shoen (manor) and koryo (mainly non-cultivators) (mostly non-farmer), such as kugonin (groups of producer-merchants) or jinin (shrine dependents) by assessing for zaike as a collection unit.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス