bitumenとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/, /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /bɪˈtumən/, /bɪˈtjumən/, /baɪˈtumən/

名詞

bitumen (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 bitumina または bitumens)

1. A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.

   Synonym: Jew's pitch

   • 2014 August 24, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: gravel paths and cutting heating bills [print version: Cold comfort in technology, 23 August 2014, p. P5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property)‎^[2]:

     You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted "hoggin" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.

2. (by extension) Any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petrolea, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
3. (Canada) Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil.^[1]

同意語

• (mineral pitch): Jew’s lime, Jew’s pitch, Jew’s slime, slime (all 廃れた用法)

派生語

動詞

bitumen (三人称単数 現在形 bitumens, 現在分詞 bitumening, 過去形および過去分詞形 bitumened)

1. To cover or fill with bitumen.

   Synonym: bituminize

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

参考

• asphalt

参照

Latin

語源

The latter element is the common suffix -men; the former is from Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“pitch”) via an Italic language in which *gʷ became b, e.g. Oscan or Umbrian.^[1] (The traditional derivation from Celtic is implausible as the related Celtic words—Old Irish beithe, Welsh bedw, かつ the Gaulish source of Spanish biezo—mean only ‘birch’, not ‘pitch’.)

Cognate with Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”), English cud, Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”). Influenced by ferrūmen (“cement, glue”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /biˈtuː.men/, [bɪˈt̪uːmɛn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /biˈtu.men/, [biˈt̪uːmɛn]

名詞

bitūmen n (genitive bitūminis); third declension

1. mineral pitch, bitumen

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

関連する語

• bitūmineus
• bitūminō
• bitūminōsus

派生した語

• French: béton
  • → German: Beton
  • → Portuguese: betão
• Italian: bitume
• Portuguese: betume
• Spanish: betún
• → English: bitumen
• → German: Bitumen
• → Russian: би́тум m (bítum)

参照

• bitumen in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• bitumen in Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891
• bitumen in Gaffiot, Félix, Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, 1934
• bitumen in Harry Thurston Peck, editor, Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1898