cunctusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Uncertain. Proposals include:

• From concitus by syncope per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations. Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject this etymology, and also reject the ancient etymology from co(n)iūnctus.
• According to Sihler (1995), from Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-u- (“whole, entire”), which he reconstructs as the ancestor also of Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (/⁠pa-an-ku-uš⁠/, “whole, entire; senate”) and Hittite [script needed] (pa-an-kur, “family, relations”), as well as the middle part of Ancient Greek ᾰ̔́πᾰξ (hắpăx, “singly”). The Latin form would then show the same /p – kʷ > kʷ – kʷ/ assimilation as in quīnque. De Vaan rejects this etymology, saying that the Hittite term cannot be cognate with Latin cūnctus due to the genitive singular form 𒉺𒀭𒅗𒉿𒀸 (/⁠pa-an-ka-wa-aš⁠/), and that it is more likely related to Sanskrit ब॒हु (bahú).
• From Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-to- (“whole, entire”), from *pénkʷe (“whole hand; five (fingers)”). In this case cognate to Sanskrit पञ्च॑ (páñca, “spread out”), Sanskrit प्रपञ्चन (prapañcana, “copiousness”).
• From co-vīnctus (“bound together”) by syncope. (Compare cūria for another possible example of co- being used before original *w- with subsequent syncope.)
• Ancient etymologists explained it as a contraction of *cōiūnctus, making it a doublet of coniūnctus (“conjoined, connected”); this is today rejected.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkuːŋk.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkuŋk.tus]

形容詞

cūnctus (feminine cūncta, neuter cūnctum); first/second-declension adjective

1. collectively; all together; the whole, entire

   Synonyms: (in the plural) omnis, (in the singular) tōtus

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.518:

     cūnctīs nam lēctī nāvibus ībant

     for chosen men from all the ships went forth

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

参照

Further reading

• “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "cunctus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “cunctus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be elected unanimousl: omnes centurias ferre or omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis creari