mangoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Portuguese manga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa) ultimately from Proto Dravidian (reconstructed Proto-Dravidian *mām-kāy (“unripe mango”), a compound of *mām (“mango tree”) + *kāy (“unripe fruit”)^[1]). First used for the fruit as early as the 1580s and the tree by the 1670s.^[2][3]; Oxford English Dictionary says it ultimately stems from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa, “unripe mango”) (മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango tree”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”)),^[3] while the Online 語源 Dictionary points to Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango”) (மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”)).^[2] The etymology of the -o ending is not certain.^[3]

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmæŋɡoʊ/
• 韻: -æŋɡəʊ

名詞

mango (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 mangoes または mangos)

1. A tropical Asian fruit tree, Mangifera indica.
   • 1980, Bruce Chatwin, The Viceroy of Ouidah, page 146:

     On the hot days, he would lie in the shade of a mango and let little Eugenia clamber over his belly and tug at his beard.

2. The fruit of the mango tree.
   • 1738, October–November, Hans Sloan, Philosophical Transactions, volume 40, number 450, “VI. his Answer to the Marquis de Caumont's Letter, concerning this Stone”, translated from the Latin by Thomas Stack, Royal Society (1741), page 376:

     And I have one [bezoar] form'd round the Stone of that great Plum, which comes pickled from thence, and is called Mango.

3. A pickled vegetable or fruit with a spicy stuffing; a vegetable or fruit which has been mangoed.
   • 2004, Elizabeth E. Lea; William Woys Weaver, A Quaker Woman's Cookbook: The Domestic Cookery of Elizabeth Ellicott Lea, page 335:

     In Pennsylvania and western Maryland, mangoes were generally made with green bell peppers.

4. (US, chiefly southern Midwestern US, dated) A green bell pepper suitable for pickling.
   • 1879, Pennsylvania State Board of Agriculture, Agriculture of Pennsylvania, page 222:

     Mango peppers by the dozen, if owned by the careful housewife, would gladden the appetite or disposition of any epicure or scold.

   • 1896, Ohio State Board of Agriculture, Annual Report, page 154:

     Best mango peppers

   • 1943, August 9, “Mary Adgate”, in Stuffed Mangoes‎^[2], Lima, Ohio, page 5:

     Cut tops from mangoes; remove seeds.

   • 2000, Allan A. Metcalf, How We Talk: American Regional English Today, page 41:

     Finally, although both the South and North Midlands are not known for their tropical climate, that's where mangoes grow. These aren't the tropical fruit, though, but what are elsewhere called green peppers.

5. A type of muskmelon, Cucumis melo.
6. Any of various hummingbirds of the genus Anthracothorax.
7. A yellow-orange color, like that of mango flesh.

   mango:  

上位語

• (tropical fruit tree Mangifera indica): fruit tree, tree
• (fruit): fruit, stone fruit, tropical fruit

派生語

• African mango (Irvingia gabonensis)
• bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis)
• mangoey
• mango fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga)
• mangolike
• Mango Mussolini
• mangorita
• mango worm (Cordylobia anthropophaga)
• wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis)

派生した語

• → Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or from Russian манго (mango))
• → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܢܓܘܿ‎ (mango)
• → Catalan: mango
• → Chichewa: bango
• → Czech: mango
• → Danish: mango
• → Dutch: mango
• → Esperanto: mango
• → Finnish: mango
• → Georgian: მანგო (mango)
• → German: Mango
• → Greek: μάνγκο (mángko)
• → Hebrew: מנגו‎ (mango)
• → Hungarian: mangó
• → Irish: mangó
• → Japanese: マンゴー (mangō)
• → Korean: 망고 (manggo)
• → Macedonian: манго (mango)
• → Norwegian: mango
• → Polish: mango
• → Romanian: mango
• → Russian: манго (mango)
  • → Armenian: մանգո (mango) (または directly from English mango)
  • → Kazakh: манго (maño)
  • → Mongolian: манго (mango)
• → Slovak: mango
• → Slovene: mango
• → Spanish: mango
• → Swedish: mango
• → Turkish: mango
• → Welsh: mango

動詞

mango (三人称単数 現在形 mangoes, 現在分詞 mangoing, 過去形および過去分詞形 mangoed)

1. (uncommon) To stuff and pickle (a fruit).
   • 1870, Hannah Mary Peterson, The Young Wife's Cook Book, page 444:

     Although any melon may be used before it is quite ripe, yet there is a particular sort for this purpose, which the gardeners know, and should be mangoed soon after they are gathered.

   • 1989, William Woys Weaver, America eats: forms of edible folk art:

     In an effort to reproduce the pickle, English cooks took to "mangoing" all sorts of substitutes, from cucumbers to unripe peaches. Americans, however, preferred baby musk melons, or, in areas where they did not grow well, bell peppers.

   • 2008, Beverly Ellen Schoonmaker Alfeld, Pickles To Relish, →ISBN, page 66:

     For this cookbook, I made mangoed peppers that were not stuffed with cabbage, but stuffed with green and red tomatoes and onions.

参照

• (bell peppers): The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia

アナグラム

• Gamon, Mogan, among, ang mo, goman, ngoma

Latin

語源

Uncertain; but perhaps an agent noun related to Ancient Greek μαγγανεύω (manganeúō, “enchant, use charms”) and secondarily “trick out, dress artificially”,^[1][2] from the noun μάγγανον (mánganon, “philtre, charm, means for bewitching others”). Buck suggests that Latin mangō is a loanword based (ultimately または otherwise) on the Greek noun.^[3]

Alternatively, derived from manus (“hand”) via an unattested verb such as *manicō or *manigō (“handle, manage; trade, deal?”) (both requiring an unusual syncope of the verb suffix, the former also requiring an unusual voicing of /k/) +‎ -ō (agent noun suffix). This would make it related to manceps (“purchaser; contractor”) and mancipium (“property, slave”), whence perhaps the sense of “slave-trader”. The semantic trajectory would be similar to that of German handeln (“to handle; to trade, deal”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *handuz (“hand”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈman.ɡoː/, [ˈmäŋɡoː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈman.ɡo/, [ˈmäŋɡo]

名詞

mangō m (genitive mangōnis); third declension

1. dealer, monger in slaves or wares (to which he tries to give an appearance of greater value by adorning them)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• mangōnicō
• mangōnicus
• mangōnium
• mangōnizō

派生した語

• →⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *mangārī (see there for further descendants)

参照

• "mango", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "mango", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• mango in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• mango in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• "mango", in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers