sableとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Attested since 1275, from Middle English, from Old French sable and martre sable (“sable marten”), in reference to the animal or its fur; from Medieval Latin sabelum, from Middle Low German sabel (compare Middle Dutch sabel, Middle High German zobel); ultimately from a Balto-Slavic word (compare Russian со́боль (sóbolʹ), Polish soból, Czech sobol). Doublet of sobol. Compare also Middle Persian smwl (*samōr).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈseɪbəl/, /ˈseɪbɫ/
• 韻: -eɪbəl
• ハイフネーション: sa‧ble

名詞

sable (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 sables)

1. (countable) A small carnivorous mammal of the Old World that resembles a weasel, Martes zibellina, from cold regions in Eurasia and the North Pacific islands, valued for its dark brown fur (Wikipedia).
2. (countable) The marten, especially Martes americana (syn. Mustela americana).
3. (countable and uncountable) The fur or pelt of the sable or other species of martens; a coat made from this fur.
   • 1928, Virginia Woolf, Orlando: A Biography, London: The Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished as Orlando: A Biography (eBook no. 0200331h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, July 2015:

     Lovers dallied upon divans spread with sables.

4. (countable) An artist's brush made from the fur of the sable (Wikipedia).
5. (heraldry) A black colour on a coat of arms (Wikipedia).

   sable (heraldry):  

6. (countable and uncountable) A dark brown colour, resembling the fur of some sables.

   sable:  

7. (in the plural, sables) Black garments, especially worn in mourning.
   • 1742, [Edward Young], “Night the Ninth and Last. The Consolation. Containing, among Other Things, I. A Moral Survey of the Nocturnal Heavens. II. A Night-Address to the Deity. […]”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: […] [Samuel Richardson] for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 295:

     I ſee its Sables wove by Deſtiny.

   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     […] a delighted shout from the children swung him toward the door again. His sister, Mrs. Gerard, stood there in carriage gown and sables, radiant with surprise. ¶ "Phil!  You!  Exactly like you, Philip, to come strolling in from the antipodes—dear fellow!" recovering from the fraternal embrace and holding both lapels of his coat in her gloved hands.

8. The sablefish.

派生語

関連する語

• zibeline

形容詞

sable (comparative sabler, superlative sablest)

1. Of the black colour sable.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 12”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     When I behold the violet past prime,
     And sable curls all silver'd o'er with white

   • 1741, [Edward Young], “Night the”, in The Complaint, London: […] , →OCLC:

     Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, / In rayless majesty, now stretches forth / Her leaden sceptre o'er a slumbering world.

   • 2002, Christopher Paolini, chapter 3, in Eragon:

     They wound between the wagons to a tent removed from the rest of the traders'. It was crimson at the top and sable at the bottom, with thin triangles of colors stabbing into each other.

2. (heraldry): In blazon, of the colour black.
3. Made of sable fur.
4. Dark, somber.
   • 1922, Michael Arlen, “3/2/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days‎^[1]:

     She turned and waved a hand to him, she cried a word, but he didn't hear it, it was a lost word. A sable wraith she was in the parkland, fading away into the dolorous crypt of winter.

5. (obsolete, literary) Dark-skinned; black.
   • 1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 7, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:

     Some of the sable females, who formerly stood aloof, now began to relax and appear less coy; but my heart was still fixed on London, where I hoped to be ere long.

   • 1880 June 19, Henry Kendall, “My Piccaninny”, in The Australian Town and Country Journal, page 28, column 4:

     Ethnologists are in the wrong / About our sable brothers[.]

   • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 281:

     Of this one of the drovers writes thus: - "Very soon there will be homesteads and stations dotted all over the Territory within easy distances of one another, driving our sable brethren from their ancient hunting grounds."

   • 1905, Banjo Paterson, Old Bush Songs, page 40:

     For twelve long months I had to pace, / Humping my swag with a cadging face, / Sleeping in the bush, like the sable race.

同意語

• (dark-skinned): black, dusky, inky, sooty, swarthy

参考

• Appendix:Colors

参照

• Random House Dictionary, 2nd Edition, 1987.

アナグラム

• Ables, Basel, Basle, Blase, Bleas, Sabel, ables, albes, baels, bales, beals, blase, blasé, labes, saleb