takhtrawanとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Persian تخت روان (taxt-e ravân), partially via French tack-ravan, from Persian تخت (taxt, “throne, elevated seat or bed”) + روان (ravân, “walking, travelling, mobile”).

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈtɑktrəˌwɑn/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtɑːktrəˌwɑːn/

名詞

takhtrawan (plural takhtrawans)

1. (Middle East and South Asia, chiefly historical) A covered litter carried by a pair of animals. [1671]
   • 1671, Henry Oldenburg translating François Bernier as The History of the Late Revolution of the Empire of the Great Mogol..., Vol. II, p. 24:

     ... a Tackravan, or a Field-Throne of admirable workmanship...

   • 1857, Richard Francis Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimate to El Medinah and Meccah, Vol. I, p. 400:

     ... gorgeous Takhtrewan, or litters carried between camels or mules with scarlet and brass trappings ...

   • 1861, Justin Perkins, Missionary Life in Persia, pp. 25–26:

     An hour after the courier, the takhtrawan (which is a kind of litter borne by two mules) also arrived... her delicate state of health now rendered the exchange of her saddle for the litter most grateful, and even necessary.

   • 1870, Rufus Anderson, History of the Missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Vol. I, Ch. VI:

     His life was probably saved by Mr. Dwight... requesting the aid of a takhtirewán, the only native carriage known to the Persians. It resembles a sedan-chair, except in being borne by two mules or horses, and closed from the external air, and in requiring a lying posture.

   • 1877, Robert Arthur Arnold, Through Persia by Caravan, p. 125:

     For men and women who suffer from being in the saddle for so many hours, there is a choice between the "kerjava" and the "takht-i-rawan"... although two mules carry a takht-i-rawan, those who employ this, the superior form of carriage, pay for four mules. The takht-i-rawan is used by great ladies of the Shah's court, by the aged and infirm, and by the ladies of the foreign embassies... One can rarely find a takht-i-rawan when such a carriage is wanted; they are usually built to order, and cost from six to ten pounds sterling.

2. (India, historical) An ornate open litter used as a mobile throne, particularly by the Mughal emperors, usually borne by human porters.
   • 1891, Archibald Constable & al. translating François Bernier as Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 1656–1668, p. 214:

     Whenever the King takes an excursion in his Paleky, on an elephant, or in a Tact-Ravan (or travelling throne, carried upon the shoulders of eight men, who are cleverly relieved from time to time when on the march by eight others), all the Omrahs who are not prevented by illness, disabled by age, or exempted by a peculiar office, are bound to accompany him on horseback...

   • 2019 December, Nazer Aziz Anjum, "Officials' Transport in Mughal India", Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 80, p. 431:

     One of the open palanquins which the Mughal emperors, especially Aurangzeb, preferred, was Takht-i rawan. At one occasion in 1662, the Dutch had presented 'several articles of Chinese and Japanese workmanship; among which were a paleky and a Tack-ravan or travelling throne, of exquisite beauty, and much admired'.

   • 2021 December, Harpreet Kaur, "Guru Tegh Bahadur: Upholder of Democratic Principles", Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, Vol. XLVI No. 2, p. 33:

     On Friday, 27th October, 1676 A.D. while the Emperor was returning from the Jama mosque and had alighted from the boat in order to mount the movable chair (takht-i-rawan), an ill-fated disciple of Guru Tegh Bahadur threw two bricks, one of which reached the chair. He was seized by the retinue and ordered to be made over to the Kotwal.

同意語

• (mobile throne): andor (uncommon)

参照

• “takhtrawan, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.