英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

別の表記

• arbour (chiefly British)

名詞

arbor (plural arbors or arbores)

1. A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
   • 1960 July 11, Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird, Philadelphia, Pa.; New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC:

     Our tacit treaty with Miss Maudie was that we could play on her lawn, eat her scuppernongs if we didn’t jump on the arbor, and explore her vast back lot,

   • 1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 24:

     Children swung from the branches of the banyan tree, teenagers climbed into the arbours of orchids and gourds into which the abandoned cars had been transformed.

2. A grove of trees.

派生語

関連する語

語源 2

Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

名詞

arbor (plural arbors or arbores)

1. An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
2. A bar for supporting cutting tools.
3. A spindle of a wheel.

派生語

アナグラム

• Barro, Brora, borra

語源

By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high; to grow”), meaning "high upright plant". Cognate with arduus (“high”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈar.bɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈar.bor]

名詞

arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension

1. a tree
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 10:

     Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam / uulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque leuabat / arboris acclinis trunco

     Meantime, his father at Tiber's flowing stream bathed his wounds in the clear water and his body leant against the trunk of a tree.

   felix arbor ― a fruit-bearing tree

   arbores serere ― to plant trees

   (specifically with the genitive of the species) arbor alni ― an alder tree

   arbores ficorum ― fig trees

2. (metonymic) something made from a tree, of wood

   arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)

   Synonym: mālus

   centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar

   Pelias arbor ― Pelias's ship, the ship Argo

   Synonyms: iaculum, pīlum

   (euphemistic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   arbor infelix ― a gallows, gibbet

3. (metonymic) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

• A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.
• The form arborī is commonly assumed to be a locative in the following legal formulas describing crucifixion: "infelici arbori reste suspendito" (Livy, Ab Urbe Condita 1.26.6), "arbori infelici suspendito" (Cicero, Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo 13.13). However, Bennett 1914 argues this should be interpreted instead as a dative of indirect object.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 533: “un albero” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
• Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–), “*/ˈarbor-e/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
• “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "arbor", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “arbor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
    
  • the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
    
  • to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
    
  • to fell trees: arbores caedere