英和和英

語源

Borrowed from Latin extractum, neuter perfect passive participle of extrahō, from ex- (“out of”) +‎ trahō (“to drag”).

発音

• (noun): enPR: ĕk'străkt, IPA: /ˈɛkstɹækt/
• (verb): enPR: ĭkstrăkt', IPA: /ɪkˈstɹækt/, IPA: /ɛkˈstɹækt/
• 韻: -ækt

名詞

extract (plural extracts)

1. Something that is extracted or drawn out.
2. A portion of a book, document, recording etc. incorporated distinctly in another work (for written or spoken words, synoymous to a citation; a quotation).

   I used an extract of Hemingway's book to demonstrate culture shock.

3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue

   vanilla extract

   extract of beef

   extract of dandelion

4. Any substance extracted is such a way, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained

   quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.

5. A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant (distinguished from an abstract).
6. (obsolete) A peculiar principle (fundamental essence) once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts.
7. Ancestry; descent.
8. (Can we verify this sense?) A draft or copy of writing; a certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgment therein, with an order for execution.

同意語

• (that which is extracted): extraction; See also Thesaurus:decrement
• (principle): extractive principle
• (ancestry, descent): origin, extraction

派生語

参考

• tincture

動詞

extract (third-person singular simple present extracts, present participle extracting, simple past extracted, past participle extracted or (archaic) extraught)

1. (transitive) To draw out; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.

   to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, or a splinter from the finger

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     The bee / Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet.

   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).

   • 2025 March 5, Christian Wolmar, “GBR: just how clear are the government's objectives?”, in RAIL, number 1030, page 41:

     There is, in fact, growing recognition in the Department that giving free rein to the open access operators will extract revenue from Great British Railways.

2. (transitive) To withdraw by squeezing, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process. Compare abstract (transitive verb).

   to extract an essential oil from a plant

   • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–3:

     Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

3. (transitive) To pick out; to cite or reproduce a snippet of

   extract a passage from a text.

   extract a line from a song.

   extract a clip from a video

   extract the drum parts from an mp3.

   • 1724, Jonathan Swift, “Drapier's Letters”, in 4:

     I have thought it proper to extract out of that pamphlet a few of those notorious falsehoods.

   • 1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 332:

     As his work is probably not easily accessible to many of my readers, I shall perhaps consult their convenience by extracting his description entire.

4. (transitive) To select parts of a whole

   We need to try to extract the positives from the defeat.

5. (transitive, arithmetic) To determine (a root of a number).

   Please extract the cube root of 27.

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:

     […] Mr. Nackybal was thoroughly examined, both in cubing and extracting, from the table that Louit had provided.

同意語

• (to draw out): outdraw
• (to take by selection): sunder out

派生語